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Physiology > 5.8 Female Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

5.8 Female Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

A class 4 follicle requires how many days to grow and develop to the preovulatory stage

A

About 50 days

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1
Q

Atresia is common in what period of follicle development

A

Antral period

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2
Q

Primordial, primary, and secondary follicles are classified as

A

Preantral follicles

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3
Q

Dominant follicle of the cycle appears to be selected from what class of follicles

A

Class 5 follicles

Note: requires about 20 days to develop to the ovulatory stage

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4
Q

Recruitment occurs even before ______

A

Onset of the present menstrual cycle

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5
Q

What does the theca cell lack that’s the reason why it cant convert androsetenedione to eastradiol

A

Aromatase

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6
Q

Converts cgolesterol to pregnenolone

A

P450 scc

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7
Q

Major product of follicle in follicular phase

A

Estradiol

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8
Q

Major product of corpus luteum during luteal phase

A

Progesterone

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9
Q

A small primary oocyte arrested in the diplotene stage of meiosis

A

Primordial follicle

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10
Q

What provides nutrition to growing oocytes

A

Granulosa cells

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11
Q

T/F Primordial follicle has an independent blood supply

A

False- DOES NOT HAVE an independent blood supply

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12
Q

Most number of primordial follicles are seen during

A

Midgestation

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13
Q

As a woman ages, primordial follicles ______ in number

A

Decrease

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14
Q

Primordial follicles —>

A

Primary follicles

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15
Q

Transition hallmark of primordial follicle to primary follicle

A
  1. From squamous to cuboidal

2. Acquisition of mitotic potential in the granulosa cells

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16
Q

Functional unit of the ovary

A

Ovarian follicle

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17
Q

When the antrums are produced, the follicles become dependent on __

A

Gonadotropins

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18
Q

During this period of folliculogenesis, FSH receptor expression occur

A

Primary follicle

19
Q

The major product of theca cells

A

Androstenedione

20
Q

Key regulator of steroidogenesis

21
Q

Hormones present during Follicular Phase

A

Estrogen

LH (at late stage)

22
Q

Hormones present during Luteal Phase

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

23
Q

Normal menstrual cycle

A

28 day cycle

24
Q

Maintain a normal ovarian reserve by promoting the general health of the ovary

A

Pituitary gonadotropins

25
Q

T/F rate at which resting primordial follicles enter the growth process appears to be independent of pituitary gonadotropins

26
Q

The decision of resting follicles to enter the early growth phase is primarily dependent on ________

A

Intraovarian paracrine factors

27
Q

Stimulator of FSH receptor expression include

A

FSH, activin, cAMP, TGF-beta

28
Q

Develops its surrounding zona pellucida (extracellular matrix)

A

Primary Follicle

29
Q

Structure penetrated by the sperm during fertilization

A

Zona pellucida

30
Q

T/F Zona pellucida is specie-specific

31
Q

When a secondary follicle acquires 3-6 layers of granulosa cells, it secretes ________ that induce _________ to differentiate into __________

A
  1. Paracrine factors
  2. Nearby Stroma Cells
  3. Epitheloid Theca Cells
32
Q

Formation of thecal layer

A

Mature Preantral Follicle

33
Q

T/F As follicles develop they move outward

A

False- move inward

34
Q

Thecal cells are analogous to

A

Testicular Leydig cells

35
Q

Function of thecal cells

A
  1. Express LH receptors

2. produce androgens

36
Q

T/F Thecal cells express high levels of 17 beta-HSD

A

False- DO NOT express high levels of 17 beta-HSD

37
Q

Characteristics of a dominant follicle

A
  1. Secretes highest amount of estrogen
  2. Most sensitive to FSH
  3. Greatest number of receptors
  4. Greatest mitotic activity and number of granulosa cells
  5. More vascularized Theca cells
38
Q

Theca Cells : ________

Leydig Cells : Testosterone

A

Androstenedione - major product of Theca cells

39
Q

Although the they have the potential to produce hormones, ovarian follicles do not secrete ovarian hormones at this stage

A

Secondary follicular stage

40
Q

In Antral Follicular Phase, what is the function of FSH

A

Growth of oocytes
Stimulate proliferation of granulosa cells
Induce expression of aromatase for the synthesis of estrogen

41
Q

It takes ____ days for a primordial follicle to develop into a dominant follicle

42
Q

In regulation of GnRH, what are the hormones for short feedback

A

FSH and LH

43
Q

Hormones involved in ovulation the their levels

A

Decreased LH, Decreased Estrogen, Increased Progesterone

44
Q

Phase and specific pattern of GnRH secretion needed for LH surge

A

Late Follicular Phase - highest frequency

45
Q

FSH release is _______ than LH release during puberty and menopause

46
Q

Preferential inhibition of FSH release during reproductive years is due to

A

Increased levels of estradiol and inhibin

Physiology (27 decks)

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