6. Sexual Reproduction & Meiosis

Question 1

what does sexual reproduction involve

Answer 1

genetic contribution of 2 cells

Question 2

what does the process of meiosis refer to in terms of # of chromosomes

Answer 2

reduction in number of chromosomes

Question 3

what happens to 2 haploid gametes in fertilisation and what do they form

Answer 3

2 haploid gametes fuse together

form a diploid zygote containing 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 4

somatic cells have how many sets of chromosomes

what kind of cells are they

Answer 4

2

diploid cells

Question 5

how many sets of chromosomes are present in haploid gametes

Answer 5

one set

Question 6

what does mitosis of zygotes give rise to

Answer 6

all cells in the body

Question 7

what do germline cells undergo meiosis to form

Answer 7

egg or sperm cells

Question 8

how many divisions do meiosis and mitosis consist of

Answer 8

meiosis = 2 divisions

mitosis = 1 division

Question 9

what are the 4 stages of meiosis 1

Answer 9

prophase 1
metaphase 1
anaphase 1
telophase 1

Question 10

what are the 4 stages of meiosis 1

Answer 10

prophase 1
metaphase 1
anaphase 1
telophase 1

Question 11

what are the 4 stages of meiosis 2

Answer 11

prophase 2
metaphase 2
anaphase 2
telophase 2

Question 12

what happens in prophase 1

2 things

Answer 12

chromosomes double

crossing over occurs

Question 13

what happens in metaphase 1

3 things

Answer 13

nucleus dissolves

microtubules attach to centromeres

chromosomes align at middle of cell

Question 14

what happens in anaphase 1

1 thing

Answer 14

separated chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 15

what happens in telophase 1

2 things

Answer 15

microtubules disappear

cell division begins

Question 16

what happens after telophase 1

what happens in this stage

Answer 16

cytokinesis

2 cells are formed

Question 17

what happens in prophase 2

3 things

Answer 17

chromosomes condense

a new set of spindle fibers forms

chromosomes begin moving toward the equator of the cell

Question 18

what happens in metaphase 2

1 thing

Answer 18

microtubules attach to centromeres

Question 19

what happens in anaphase 2

1 thing

Answer 19

chromosomes get pulled apart

Question 20

what happens in telophase 2

2 things

Answer 20

microtubules disappear

cell division begins

Question 21

what happens in cytokinesis after telophase 2

Answer 21

4 cells are formed

Question 22

what is the difference in meiosis and mitosis regarding crossing over

Answer 22

in meiosis maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and share genetic information with each other via crossing over. This does not occur in mitosis.

Question 23

what is the difference in meiosis and mitosis regarding replication of DNA

Answer 23

The replication of DNA is suppressed between meiosis I and meiosis II.

Question 24

what is the difference in meiosis and mitosis regarding cells that are different from each other

Answer 24

Meiosis produces cells that are different from each other.

Question 25

what is the reason that meiosis produces cells that are different from each other

Answer 25

This is due to crossing over and the independent assortment of homologous chromosomes

Question 26

what is the difference in meiosis and mitosis regarding what kind of cells each produces

Answer 26

Meiosis produces haploid cells (n) and mitosis produces diploid cells (2n)

Question 26

what is the difference in meiosis and mitosis regarding what kind of cells each produces

Answer 26

Meiosis produces haploid cells (n) and mitosis produces diploid cells (2n)