12. The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

blood is pumped out of where and moves through which vessel

Answer 1

left ventricle of heart

moves through aorta

Question 2

what does the aorta do and what vessels does it give rise to

Answer 2

supplies body

splits into smaller arteries than branch into arterioles and then into capillaries

Question 3

once in the capillaries the blood is collected into what

Answer 3

venules

Question 4

what doe venules lead to

Answer 4

larger veins

Question 5

the veins join up to form what vessels and where do these vessels empty

Answer 5

form inferior and superior vena cava

empty into right atrium

Question 6

in the pulmonary circulation blood is pumped from right ventricle to/via what vessels

Answer 6

to capillaries of lung via pulmonary arteries

Question 7

where does oxygenation of blood take place

Answer 7

in capillaries of the lung

Question 8

blood returns from lungs back to heart via which vessel

Answer 8

pulmonary vein

Question 9

when does systole occur

Answer 9

ventricles contract

Question 10

when does diastole occur

Answer 10

when the atria contract and rest of heart is relaxed

Question 11

contraction of the heart is controlled by what

Answer 11

autonomic nervous system

Question 12

what controls the heart contraction specifically and where is it located

Answer 12

sinoatrial node in the right atrium

Question 13

how does the sinoatrial node initiate heart contractions

Answer 13

node spreads contraction to the surrounding muscles via electrical impulses

Question 14

impulses from SA node spread to where and what is the significance of this

Answer 14

spreads to the atrioventricular node between the atria

AV node slower to contract creating delay so atria can contract and push blood into ventricles before they contract

Question 15

impulses spread through heart via what

Answer 15

purkinje fibres

Question 16

what are arteries

Answer 16

elastic vessels that stretch when filled with blood

Question 17

what are arteries wrapped in

Answer 17

smooth muscle

Question 18

what are arterioles in terms of their structure and their role

Answer 18

small vessels that are wrapped in smooth muscle and constrict/dilate to regulate blood pressure

Question 19

what are capillaries in terms of structure and what do they do

Answer 19

blood vessels that are one cell thick

nutrient and gas exchange occurs in capillaries

Question 20

what are veins in terms of structure and what do they do

Answer 20

contain greater volume of blood than arteries

blood is pumped at a lower pressure in veins so have valve system that prevents backflow of blood

Question 21

arteries and veins carry blood in what direction

Answer 21

arteries = away from heart
veins = towards heart

Question 22

what is the blood responsible for

Answer 22

transporting nutrients, waste products and hormones around the body

Question 23

what are the 4 major components of blood

Answer 23

plasma

white blood cells

red blood cells

platelets

Question 24

what is plasma and its components

Answer 24

contains matrix of the blood which includes water, urea, ammonia, inorganic compounds and proteins

Question 25

what are red blood cells in terms of their structures and role

Answer 25

disk shaped cells transport oxygen and CO2

rich in haemaglobin

Question 26

what are white blood cells roles

Answer 26

protect body from foreign invaders

Question 27

what are the 5 types of leukocytes in order from most to least common

Answer 27

neutrophils

lymphocytes

monocytes

eosinophils

basophils

Question 28

do RBC and WBC have organelles

Answer 28

RBC have no organelles and no nucleus

WBC have organelles and nucleus but no haemaglobin

Question 29

what do platelets do

Answer 29

prevent bleeding by clotting blood