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? Biology > 3. The Cell Membrane > Flashcards

3. The Cell Membrane Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the structure of the cell membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer

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2
Q

what does the fluid mosaic model describe

A

membrane as being fluid like with a mosaic of proteins floating inside

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3
Q

what are the 4 components of the cell membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer
membrane proteins
interior protein network
cell-surface markers

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4
Q

describe the phospholipid bilayer component of cell membranes

A

every cell membrane has a phospholipid bilayer and many components of membrane are embedded in this bilayer

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5
Q

describe the membrane proteins component of cell membranes

A

proteins float in lipid bilayer

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6
Q

what are the 2 membrane proteins in the lipid bilayer

A

integral protein

peripheral proteins

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7
Q

how are the 2 membrane proteins attached in the cell membrane

A

integral proteins embedded in the membrane

peripheral proteins associated with surface of the membrane

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8
Q

describe the interior protein network component of cell membranes in terms of its function

A

intracellular proteins provide structural support to the membrane

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9
Q

describe the cell-surface markers component of cell membranes in terms of what it consists of

A

glycoproteins and glycolipids that act as cell identity markers

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10
Q

how does phospholipids form bilayers

A

spontaneously

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11
Q

what are phospholipids composed of

A

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group to a 3C glycerol molecule

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12
Q

describe the solubility and polarity of the different parts of the phospholipid

A

phosphate group = hydrophilic & polar

fatty acids = hydrophobic & non-polar

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13
Q

what effect does unsaturated fatty acids have on the membrane fluidity

A

more fluid

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14
Q

what effect does saturated fatty acids have on the membrane fluidity

A

less fluid

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15
Q

what other factor other than unsaturated/saturated fats affect the membrane fluidity

A

temperature

increase temp = increase fluidity

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16
Q

what is a type of passive transport

A

diffusion

17
Q

is energy required for passive transport

A

no

18
Q

what is diffusion

A

moving a substance along chemical/electrical gradient

19
Q

what does the cell membrane act as a barrier for and what does it allow access

A

hydrophilic polar molecules blocked

hydrophobic substances allowed to diffuse through

20
Q

can ions and large hydrophilic molecules pass through phospholipid bilayer

A

no

21
Q

what assists ions and large hydrophilic molecules to pass through phospholipid bilayer - 2 types

what is this process called

A

via proteins - carrier and protein channels

facilitated diffusion

22
Q

what are the 3 types of passive transport

A

diffusion

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

23
Q

what are 2 types of passive transport proteins and how do they function

A

channels = allow diffusion of ions via protein channel

carriers = bind to molecules they transport

24
Q

what is osmosis

A

water moving across the membrane to a high conc of solutes or low conc of water

25
Q

where will water move to via osmosis

A

to area with higher solute conc or low water conc

26
Q

what is active transport

A

uses energy to move substances against conc gradient

27
Q

what are the 3 types of active transport proteins

A

uniporters
symporters
antiporters

28
Q

what are uniporters in terms of what they do

A

transport specific molecules in one direction

29
Q

what are symporters in terms of what they do

A

transport 2 molecules in the same direction

30
Q

what are antiporters in terms of what they do

A

transport 2 molecules in opposite directions

31
Q

what does the sodium-potassium pump do

A

uses ATP and moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against conc gradients

32
Q

how many sodium and potassium are pumped in and out via the Na-K pump

A

3 Na atoms out for every 2 K atoms that enter the cell

33
Q

can large quantities of substances pass through the membrane via diffusion

A

no

34
Q

how do large quantities of substances pass through the membrane

A

endocytosis

35
Q

how do large quantities of material leave the cell

A

exocytosis

36
Q

what is endocytosis in terms of how it works

A

cell membrane surrounding the material and pinching off to form a vesicle

37
Q

what is exocytosis in terms of how it works

A

material released from cell when vesicle fuses with the membrane

? Biology (21 decks)

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