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? Biology > 5. Mitosis & Cell Cycle > Flashcards

5. Mitosis & Cell Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 steps of binary fission

A

migration of 2 identical DNA to opposite ends of cell

cell divides in 2 and each new cell enlarges to original size

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2
Q

what is binary fission

A

bacterial division process

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3
Q

DNA replication proceeds in what direction from where to where

A

bidirectionally from origin to specific termination site

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4
Q

what is the equation for calculating the doubling time of bacteria in the presence of unlimited resources

A

b = B x 2^n

b = # bacteria at end of time interval
B = # bacteria at beginning of time interval
n = # of generations

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5
Q

what are the 5 different phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

G1
synthesis
G2
mitosis
cytokinesis

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6
Q

what are the 3 subphases of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

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7
Q

what are the 2 subphases of M phase

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

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8
Q

what is the purpose of interphase

A

preparation of mitosis

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9
Q

what is G1’s purpose

A

primary growth phase

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10
Q

what happens in synthesis stage

A

DNA synthesis

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11
Q

order mitosis, G2, S phase from first to last

A

G2 then mitosis then s phase

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12
Q

what are the 5 steps of mitosis

A

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

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13
Q

what has happened to the DNA after the G2 phase

A

the DNA has been replicated after G2 phase

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14
Q

what happens in prophase - 2 things

A

chromosomes condense and are visible

spindles begin to form

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15
Q

what are the chromosomes seen as in prophase and what is a centromere

A

seen as 2 sister chromatids that are held together by centromere

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16
Q

what happens in prometaphase - 2 things

A

chromosomes attach to microtubules

chromosomes move to the equator of the cell

17
Q

what happens in metaphase - 1 thing

A

chromosome aligned along center of cell in straight line

18
Q

what is the metaphase plate

A

equator of the cell

19
Q

what happens in anaphase - 3 things

A

centromeres of sister chromatids degraded

individual chromosomes freed and move to opposite poles

spindle poles move apart

20
Q

what happens in telophase - 2 things

A

clustered chromosomes at each pole decondense

nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes

21
Q

what does cytokinesis do

A

divides the cell into 2 separate cells

22
Q

where are the 3 checkpoints where the cell cycle can be halted

A

G1/S

G2/M

Spindle assembly checkpoint

23
Q

what is purpose of the checkpoint at the G1/S stage

A

commitment to divide

24
Q

what is purpose of the checkpoint at the G2/M stage

A

important to ensure the integrity of DNA

25
Q

what is purpose of the checkpoint at the spindle assembly checkpoint

A

ensure all chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers during M phase

? Biology (21 decks)

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