6. heredity

Question 1

law of segregation

Answer 1

one member of each chromosome pair migrates to opposite pole so each gamete is haploid

Question 2

law of independent assortment

Answer 2

migration of homologs doesn’t affect migration of other homologs

Question 3

incomplete dominance

Answer 3

blending

Question 4

codominance

Answer 4

both present Ie blood types

Question 5

epistasis

Answer 5

one gene affects phenotype of other

Question 6

pleiotropy

Answer 6

one gene has more than 1 expression

Question 7

polygenic inheritance

Answer 7

many genes shape a phenotype

Question 8

linked genes

Answer 8

genes that cannot separate cuz too close

Question 9

linkage map

Answer 9

higher percent means farther apart

Question 10

sex linked

Answer 10

trait comes with or y chromosome

Question 11

sex influenced

Answer 11

ig baldness

Question 12

genomic imprinting

Answer 12

one allele is not expressed in offspring

Question 13

penetracne

Answer 13

probability of expressing a phenotype

Question 14

expressivity

Answer 14

variation of phenotype for a genotype

Question 15

x inactivation

Answer 15

in females, one x chromosome does not uncoil too chromatin. forms a Barr body and cannot be expressed

Question 16

nondisjunction

Answer 16

failure of chromosomes to separate. its the N+1 N-1 stuff

Question 17

mosaicism

Answer 17

cells that undergo nondisjunction during embryonic development

Question 18

polyploidy

Answer 18

all chromosomes undergo ponds and produce gametes with twice number of chromoeoms

Question 19

point mutation

Answer 19

single nucleotide change. causes sub, insertion, deletions etc.

Question 20

transition mutation

Answer 20

purine to purines

Question 21

transversion mutation

Answer 21

purine to pyrimidine

Question 22

aneuploidy

Answer 22

gene with extra/missing chromosome. caused by nondisjucntion

Question 23

turner aneuploidy

Answer 23

sex chromosome nondisjunction. sterile if XO. not mental affecting

Question 24

klinefelter

Answer 24

XXY

Question 25

down syndrome

Answer 25

trisomy 21

Question 26

duplications

Answer 26

chromosome segment is repeated. from unequal crossing

Question 27

inversions

Answer 27

chromosome segments are inverted

Question 28

translocation

Answer 28

segment is moved to another chromosome. can be reciprocal (two swap), or robertsonian ( one chromosome from a pair becomes attached to another pair)

Question 29

chromosomal breakage

Answer 29

loose fragment of DNA

Question 30

mutagenic agents

Answer 30

stuff like rays that are carcinogenic

Question 31

proto onco genes

Answer 31

stimulate natural growth. if mutation decreases its activity, it becomes cancer

Question 32

PKU

Answer 32

inability to produce enzyme for phenylalanine breakdown

Question 33

cystic fibrosis

Answer 33

fluid buildup

Question 34

tay sachs

Answer 34

lysosome defect. can’t breakdown lipids for brain

Question 35

sickle cell

Answer 35

weird hemoglobin from substation mutation

Question 36

huntingtons

Answer 36

degenerate nervous system

Question 37

achondroplasia

Answer 37

dwarfism

Question 38

hypercholesterolemia

Answer 38

excess cholesterol in blood. gives heart disease

Question 39

hemophilia

Answer 39

wonky blood clotting

Question 40

duchenne

Answer 40

muscular dystropgyl

Question 41

chromosome defects

Answer 41

downs, turner (XO), Klinefelter (XXY), cri du chat (deletion of chromosome 5)

Question 42

forward mutagen

Answer 42

mutated organism mutates even more. backward is back to original

Question 43

mitochondria come from

Answer 43

mom

Question 44

lethal gene

Answer 44

have it and organism dies. so no aa only AA and Aa

Question 45

If phenotype skips generations

Answer 45

this is autosomal recessive disorder

Question 46

x linked recessive

Answer 46

is when father doesn’t have phenotype, so daughters don’t have it either