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DAT Bio FINAL > 2. cells > Flashcards

2. cells Flashcards

1
Q

rough ER

A

with ribosomes. makes glycoproteins.

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2
Q

smooth er

A

makes lipids and steroids. in liver, ER breaks stuff down

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3
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

muscles release ions

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4
Q

lysosomes

A

made from Golgi vesicles. have digestive enzymes

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5
Q

golgi

A

transport. cis face is for incoming, trans face for exiting. has cisternae

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6
Q

peroxisomes

A

break down substances with peroxide

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7
Q

microtubules

A

made of tubulin. support and motility for cell stuff. and SPINDLE APPARATUD

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8
Q

tubular in flagella and cilia array

A

9+2

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9
Q

intermediate filaments

A

maintain cell shape like keratin

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10
Q

microfilament

A

actin and involved in cell motility. ex skeletal muscle

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11
Q

microtubule organizing centers

A

centrioles and basal bodies (organize development of cillia and flagella). 9x3 array!!

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12
Q

plants don’t have centrioles!!

A

yes. but they do have MTOC

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13
Q

contractile vacuoples

A

pump out water using active transport

** organisms are from hypotonic eco

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14
Q

cell wall of plant

A

cellulose

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15
Q

cell wall of fungi

A

chitin

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16
Q

cell wall of bacteria

A

peptidoglycan

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17
Q

cell wall of arcahea

A

polysaccarides

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18
Q

extracellular matrix

A

area between plasma membrane and glycocalyx. has proteins and stuff that provide support and bind cells

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19
Q

extracellular matrix proteins

A

integrin, firbonectin, laminin

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20
Q

two ways cells adhere to ECM

A

focal adhesions. ECM + actin

hemidesmosomes ECM + intermediate filaments

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21
Q

fibroblasts produce

A

collagen and connective tissue

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22
Q

leucoplast

A

stores stuff in plants

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23
Q

cytoskeleton

A

microtubles, filaments intermediate filaments. helps move cell in eukarya

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24
Q

endomembrane system

A

ER, Golgi, nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles.

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25
Q

intracellular circulation

A

Brownian movement: random movement
cyclosis: cytoplasm moving
ER channeling: diret passageway from plasma to nuclear membrane

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26
Q

extracellular circ

A

diffusion

circularotry syste

27
Q

anchoring junctions

A

DESMOSOME (d for d) mechanical stress areas providing stability like cervix

28
Q

tight junctions

A

seal between cells. in GI tract so stuff passes through..

29
Q

gap junction

A

small tunnels to allows passage of ions through

30
Q

plasmodesmata

A

narrow tunnels between plant cells. ER tube and exchange through cytoplasm

31
Q

prokaryotes

A
  • have peptidoglycan cell wall or polysaccharide
  • circular DNA
  • 70s ribosome
32
Q

secondary active transport

A

energy is used from another thing moving to move something else. anti or cotransport

33
Q

exergonic reactions

A

release free energy

34
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

BMR decreases per kg as size goes up

35
Q

body temp increases

A

metabolism

36
Q

how to take out peripheral proteins

A

change pH or salt concentration

37
Q

take out integral proteins

A

use detergent to destroy membrane

38
Q

recognition proteins

A

MHC’s to distinguish self and nonself

- GLYCOPROTEINS

39
Q

ion channels can be

A

voltage gtated (respond to membrane potential), ligand gated (chemical binds and opens) or mechanically gated (respond to pressure, vibration etc)

40
Q

porins

A

allow passage of ions and small polar. . ex aquaporins for water in kidney

41
Q

adhesion proteins

A

attach cells to neighboring cells. also anchor internal filaments

42
Q

receptor proteins

A

binding site for hormones and stuff

43
Q

sterols

A

do the cholesterol thing in plants

44
Q

hopanoids

A

do the cholesterol thing in prokarya

45
Q

glycocalyx

A

carb coat that covers some bacteria and plasma in animal cells. glycolipids and glycoproteins. provides adhesion, barrier or cell cell recognition

46
Q

heterochromatin

A

condensed. not transcription

47
Q

euchromatin

A

transcription

48
Q

nucleolus

A

makes rRNA

49
Q

final assembly of ribosome occurs in

50
Q

nuclear lamina

A

fibrous network inside nuc. mechanical support and regulaes all DNA cell division stuff

51
Q

cytoplasm

A

AN AREA. thi8s includes everything syspended in cytosol

52
Q

cytosol

A

is the gel stuff. AKA the cytoplasmic matrix

53
Q

eukarya ribosome

A

60 and 40 = 80

54
Q

prokarya ribosome

A

50 30 = 70

55
Q

central vacuote

A

occupt most of plant cell interior. exert turgor for rigidity. have a tonoplast

56
Q

storage vacuoles

A

store starch and toxins

57
Q

fibronectin

A

collagen and proteoglycans connected to integrins via this. also laminin

58
Q

plastids

A

plants. like choloroplasts. leucoplasts (storage)

59
Q

hypotonic solution.. vacuole

60
Q

cytolysis

A

cell bursting from water

61
Q

flagella in prokarya is made from

A

flagellin not tubulin!!

62
Q

pinocytosis membrane

A

invaginates, not outward

63
Q

receptor mediated endocytosis

A

is pino cytosis bit ligand gated

64
Q

coupling reactions is to

A

balance the free energy

DAT Bio FINAL (22 decks)

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