2. cells

Question 1

rough ER

Answer 1

with ribosomes. makes glycoproteins.

Question 2

smooth er

Answer 2

makes lipids and steroids. in liver, ER breaks stuff down

Question 3

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

muscles release ions

Question 4

lysosomes

Answer 4

made from Golgi vesicles. have digestive enzymes

Question 5

golgi

Answer 5

transport. cis face is for incoming, trans face for exiting. has cisternae

Question 6

peroxisomes

Answer 6

break down substances with peroxide

Question 7

microtubules

Answer 7

made of tubulin. support and motility for cell stuff. and SPINDLE APPARATUD

Question 8

tubular in flagella and cilia array

Answer 8

9+2

Question 9

intermediate filaments

Answer 9

maintain cell shape like keratin

Question 10

microfilament

Answer 10

actin and involved in cell motility. ex skeletal muscle

Question 11

microtubule organizing centers

Answer 11

centrioles and basal bodies (organize development of cillia and flagella). 9x3 array!!

Question 12

plants don’t have centrioles!!

Answer 12

yes. but they do have MTOC

Question 13

contractile vacuoples

Answer 13

pump out water using active transport

** organisms are from hypotonic eco

Question 14

cell wall of plant

Answer 14

cellulose

Question 15

cell wall of fungi

Answer 15

chitin

Question 16

cell wall of bacteria

Answer 16

peptidoglycan

Question 17

cell wall of arcahea

Answer 17

polysaccarides

Question 18

extracellular matrix

Answer 18

area between plasma membrane and glycocalyx. has proteins and stuff that provide support and bind cells

Question 19

extracellular matrix proteins

Answer 19

integrin, firbonectin, laminin

Question 20

two ways cells adhere to ECM

Answer 20

focal adhesions. ECM + actin

hemidesmosomes ECM + intermediate filaments

Question 21

fibroblasts produce

Answer 21

collagen and connective tissue

Question 22

leucoplast

Answer 22

stores stuff in plants

Question 23

cytoskeleton

Answer 23

microtubles, filaments intermediate filaments. helps move cell in eukarya

Question 24

endomembrane system

Answer 24

ER, Golgi, nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles.

Question 25

intracellular circulation

Answer 25

Brownian movement: random movement cyclosis: cytoplasm moving ER channeling: diret passageway from plasma to nuclear membrane

Question 26

extracellular circ

Answer 26

diffusion | circularotry syste

Question 27

anchoring junctions

Answer 27

DESMOSOME (d for d) mechanical stress areas providing stability like cervix

Question 28

tight junctions

Answer 28

seal between cells. in GI tract so stuff passes through..

Question 29

gap junction

Answer 29

small tunnels to allows passage of ions through

Question 30

plasmodesmata

Answer 30

narrow tunnels between plant cells. ER tube and exchange through cytoplasm

Question 31

prokaryotes

Answer 31

- have peptidoglycan cell wall or polysaccharide - circular DNA - 70s ribosome

Question 32

secondary active transport

Answer 32

energy is used from another thing moving to move something else. anti or cotransport

Question 33

exergonic reactions

Answer 33

release free energy

Question 34

basal metabolic rate

Answer 34

BMR decreases per kg as size goes up

Question 35

body temp increases

Answer 35

metabolism

Question 36

how to take out peripheral proteins

Answer 36

change pH or salt concentration

Question 37

take out integral proteins

Answer 37

use detergent to destroy membrane

Question 38

recognition proteins

Answer 38

MHC's to distinguish self and nonself | - GLYCOPROTEINS

Question 39

ion channels can be

Answer 39

voltage gtated (respond to membrane potential), ligand gated (chemical binds and opens) or mechanically gated (respond to pressure, vibration etc)

Question 40

porins

Answer 40

allow passage of ions and small polar. . ex aquaporins for water in kidney

Question 41

adhesion proteins

Answer 41

attach cells to neighboring cells. also anchor internal filaments

Question 42

receptor proteins

Answer 42

binding site for hormones and stuff

Question 43

sterols

Answer 43

do the cholesterol thing in plants

Question 44

hopanoids

Answer 44

do the cholesterol thing in prokarya

Question 45

glycocalyx

Answer 45

carb coat that covers some bacteria and plasma in animal cells. glycolipids and glycoproteins. provides adhesion, barrier or cell cell recognition

Question 46

heterochromatin

Answer 46

condensed. not transcription

Question 47

euchromatin

Answer 47

transcription

Question 48

nucleolus

Answer 48

makes rRNA

Question 49

final assembly of ribosome occurs in

Answer 49

cytoplasm

Question 50

nuclear lamina

Answer 50

fibrous network inside nuc. mechanical support and regulaes all DNA cell division stuff

Question 51

cytoplasm

Answer 51

AN AREA. thi8s includes everything syspended in cytosol

Question 52

cytosol

Answer 52

is the gel stuff. AKA the cytoplasmic matrix

Question 53

eukarya ribosome

Answer 53

60 and 40 = 80

Question 54

prokarya ribosome

Answer 54

50 30 = 70

Question 55

central vacuote

Answer 55

occupt most of plant cell interior. exert turgor for rigidity. have a tonoplast

Question 56

storage vacuoles

Answer 56

store starch and toxins

Question 57

fibronectin

Answer 57

collagen and proteoglycans connected to integrins via this. also laminin

Question 58

plastids

Answer 58

plants. like choloroplasts. leucoplasts (storage)

Question 59

hypotonic solution.. vacuole

Answer 59

swells

Question 60

cytolysis

Answer 60

cell bursting from water

Question 61

flagella in prokarya is made from

Answer 61

flagellin not tubulin!!

Question 62

pinocytosis membrane

Answer 62

invaginates, not outward

Question 63

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 63

is pino cytosis bit ligand gated

Question 64

coupling reactions is to

Answer 64

balance the free energy