11.5 digestive system

Question 1

ameoba

Answer 1

phagocytosis form vacuoles then fuse with lysosomes

Question 2

paramecium

Answer 2

cilia sweet food and form vacuoles

Question 3

annelids

Answer 3

crop for storage, gizzard for grinding food and intestine has typhlosole for SA

Question 4

arthropods

Answer 4

have jaws and salivary glands

Question 5

molluscs

Answer 5

have radula in mouth

Question 6

mesenteries in human

Answer 6

fat connective tissue that give support and blood supply to digestive system

Question 7

stomach structure

Answer 7

bolus enters through lower esophageal or cardiac sphincter. have exocrine glands in gastric pits (indentations with chief cells, parietal cells, g cells and mucous cells)

Question 8

stomach digestion

Answer 8

chyme is food with gastric juice. pepsinogen comes from chief cells (then pepsin in low pH), parietal cells secrete Hal and g cells secrete gastrin (hormone to release HCl)

pH is 2
- has rural folds for SA

Question 9

acetylcholine does what to GI?

Answer 9

increases secretion of all cells in stomach

Question 10

small intestine

Answer 10

food goes here through pyloric sphincter. first duodenum breaks down stuff then absorption in jejunum and lieum.

Question 11

ileum contains

Answer 11

pewter’s patches of lymph tissue

Question 12

lacteal

Answer 12

lymph around capillary network. present in small Intestine

Question 13

goblet cells

Answer 13

secrete mucous

Question 14

duodenum ph

Answer 14

6 from bicarbonate from pancreas and trypsin and chymotrypsin (protease)

Question 15

trypsin activation

Answer 15

all enzymes from pancreases are inactive until trypsin activates them

Question 16

liver

Answer 16

makes bile. stored in gall bladder. this merges with pancreas. bile breaks up fats

Question 17

sphincter of oddi

Answer 17

where pancreas meets duodenum

Question 18

large intestine

Answer 18

Food enters through ileocecal valve. reabsorbs water and makes faces. bacteria help make vitamins here Ie E. coli for vitamin K

Question 19

gastrin hormone

Answer 19

produced by stomach when sensing food

Question 20

secretin

Answer 20

produced by duodenum from HCl. nudges pancreas

Question 21

cholecystokinin

Answer 21

secreted by SI to gat digest and nudges gall bladder

Question 22

gastric inhibitory peptide

Answer 22

decrease stomach activity for fat digestion

Question 23

enterogastronone

Answer 23

any hormone done in response to fats or lipids that slows digestion

Question 24

grehlin

Answer 24

stimulates hunder

Question 25

leptin, pYY insuline and epinphrine

Answer 25

suppress hunger from adipose tissue, SI, pancreas

Question 26

blood filtration in liver

Answer 26

Kupfer cells (specialized macrophages in liver) phagocytize bacteria picked up in intestines. also destroys irregular blood cells

Question 27

Carbohydrate Metabolism in liver

Answer 27

– Liver maintains normal blood glucose levels via gluconeogenesis (production of glycogen and glucose from noncarb precursors), glycogenesis, and storage of glycogen (not glucose, it stores as glycogen!)

Question 28

Fat metabolism in liver

Answer 28

Liver synthesizes bile from cholesterol and converts carbs + proteins fat. Oxidizes fatty acids for energy. Forms lipoproteins.

Question 29

Protein metabolism in liver

Answer 29

Liver deaminates AA’s, forms urea from ammonia in blood, synths plasma proteins, synths nonessential AAs

Question 30

liver and vitamin storage

Answer 30

stores vitamins

Question 31

Glycogenesis

Answer 31

(formation of glycogen)

Question 32

glycogenolysis

Answer 32

(if blood glucose levels decrease | glycogen broken down to glu for release)

Question 33

blood acidity and liver

Answer 33

When liver mobilizes fat or protein for energy, blood acidity increases (ketone bodies are produced ketosis/acidosis results)

Question 34

jaundice

Answer 34

liver malfxn can lead to jaundice: yellow pigmentation from excess bilirubin (byproduct of erythrocyte breakdown);

Question 35

Anne lids have

Answer 35

Typhlosole for sa

Question 36

Mucous cells secrete

Answer 36

Musics in stomach lining

Question 37

Chief cells secrete

Answer 37

Pepsinogen that gets activated to pepsin by pH

Question 38

Parietal cells secrete

Answer 38

Hcl

Question 39

G cells

Answer 39

Secrete gastric. Stimulates parietal cell to secrete hcl

Question 40

Liver produces

Answer 40

Bile