11.4 excretory system

Question 1

marine fish

Answer 1

hypotonic to eco so constantly drink and pee. secrete salt

Question 2

fresh water fish

Answer 2

hypertonic to eco so rarely drink, constantly pee and absorb salt

Question 3

protists

Answer 3

have vacuole for excess water excretion

Question 4

annelids

Answer 4

have nephridia with fluids entering a nephrostome and concentrate in collecting tubule. leave through excretory pore

Question 5

Platyhelminthes and Rotifera

Answer 5

flame cells and bulbs with cillia

Question 6

arthropods

Answer 6

have tracheae which release co2

• malphigian tubules that collect fluids from hemolymph
• secrete uric acid crystals

Question 7

human excretion

Answer 7

lungs, liver produce urea, skin sweats, kidney extremes waste

Question 8

kidney

Answer 8

Three regions: 1) outer cortex, 2) inner medulla, and 3) renal pelvis which drains to ureter.
Each has many nephrons. Kidneys
ureter
bladder
urethra. Functions to excrete waste, maintain
homeostasis of body fluid volume and solute composition, regulate BP, and help control plasma pH

Question 9

see nephron tube for understanding kidne

Answer 9

plz

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNvZaGcLzEo

Question 10

nephron

Answer 10

• proximal tube does reabsorption and secretion, loop of Henley concentrates it and the distal tube fine tunes it

Question 11

excretion summary

Answer 11

filtration occurs in renal corpuscle

reabsorption/secretion mostly in proximal tubule

filtrate becomes more cxn as it moves down loop of Henle (water passive out of tube)

more dilute as it moves up loop (passive and active transport of salts out, but not water)

DCT dumps into collecting duct
filtrate more cxn again as it descends collecting duct (because surrounding medulla is salty, water leaves)
CD leads to renal calyx (multiple)

empties into renal pelvis

drains to ureter

urinary bladder

urethra.

Question 12

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus:

Answer 12

the macula densa monitors filtrate pressure in Distal Tube, if BP low then via
granular cells secrete renin then angiotensin cascade tells A.C. to make aldosterone more water reabsorbed, BP rises and is restored to normal

Question 13

Counter Current Multiplier

Answer 13

• descending loop permeable to water & ascending is permeable to salts /
  ions; this makes the medulla very salty and facilitates water reabsorption

Question 14

transpiration in plants

Answer 14

excess CO2, waste O2, and H2O(g), leave by diffusion through stomata and lenticels
(recall: woody stems have lenticels)