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DAT Bio FINAL > 11.3 circulatory > Flashcards

11.3 circulatory Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

protazoa and cnidarians

A

diffusion

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2
Q

arthropods

A

open system with a cavity called hemocoel. fluid returns through ostia holes

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3
Q

mollusks

A

open except for cephalopods

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4
Q

annelids

A

closed system in vessels. dorsal vessels and aortic loops

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5
Q

bird heart chambers

A

4

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6
Q

reptiles and amphi heart chambers

A

3

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7
Q

fish chambers

A

2

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8
Q

crocs and gators chambers

A

4

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9
Q

heart human

A
  • surrounded by pericardium sac

4 chamber

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10
Q

blood pathway

A

right atria gets deoxygenated blood enters via superior and inferior vena cava
then Right ventricle – blood is squeezed through right AV/tricuspid valve into right ventricle which contracts and pumps blood into pulmonary artery through the
pulmonary semilunar valve.

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11
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

Blood flows from R+L pulmonary arteries to

pulmonary veins then left atrium OXYGENATED VEINS

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12
Q

systemic circuit

A

Left atrium – after lungs the oxygenated blood enters left atrium via pulmonary
veins
Left ventricle – after going through left AV(aka mitral or bicuspid) valve, blood from
left ventricle goes to aorta through the aortic semilunar valve into rest of body:
▪ Aorta (largest vessel) then tissues
superior and inferior vena cava

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13
Q

right/ left AV valve

A

left AV valve prevents backlow into atrium,

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14
Q

pulmonary/ aortic semilunar valve

A

prevents it into ventricle

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15
Q

ejection fraction

A

percentage left in ventricles after contraction

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16
Q

how does heart contract

A

SA node initiates impulse to AV node. AV is delayed to allow atria to empty. spreads the signal via gap junctions. This goes through bundle of his then into ventricles via purkinje fibres which contract both ventricles together.

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17
Q

lub sound

A

ventricles contract is systole. blood is forced through pulmonary and aorta. tricuspid and mitral valves shut

*begining of systole

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18
Q

dub sound

A

ventricles relax so diastole which causes semilunar aorta and pulmonary valves to close to prevent backflow

** diastole begins

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19
Q

lowest blood pressure is

A

venues.

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20
Q

arteries

A

smooth muscle, thick walls, three layers with endothelial, smooth and then connective tissue

** highest blood pressure

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21
Q

arterioles

A

small, smooth muscle, reroute blood. most resistance to bP is here

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22
Q

capillaries

A

one cell thick

absorption: in the red end, stuff goes out, but at venous end, stuff goes back inside

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23
Q

veins have _ or lower cross sectional area than arteries

A

4x higher

24
Q

lymph

A

transports proteins and large particles. also checks for infection. has valves. contain WBC’s so swollen when sick. also absorbs fat.

25
Q

blood serum

A

plasma - clotting factors

26
Q

blood plasma

A

made up of immunoglobulins, albumin, clotting stuff

27
Q

blood contains

A

RBC. WBC, plateleyys

28
Q

rbc

A

bind o2, and convert co2 to h2co3. kidney secretes erythropoietin to stimulate bone marrow production

  • get energy from glycolysis only. have spectra to resist shearing
29
Q

wbc

A

large and digest foreign stuff and organisms

- have organelles

30
Q

platelets/ thrombocytes

A
  • stick to damaged skin and attract more. convert fibrinogen to fibrin
  • can produce prostaglandins
31
Q

blood clotting process

A

platelets plug hole, release thromboplastin clotting factor which converts prothrombin to active thrombin. that converts fibrinogen into fibrin that form a clot

32
Q

heart attack vs stroke

A

weird thrombus forming and stroke if it causes death of nervous tissue

33
Q

fetal circulation

A

blood from placenta goes to baby via umbilical chord then to ductus venous (blood bypasses liver) to heart. then ductus arterioles which bypasses pulmonary circulation then entires the left atria directly from right atria via foramen ovale.

34
Q

cardiac output

A

*stroke volume is just volume leaving ventricles

volume leaving ventricles each minute

35
Q

rh factor

A

blood antigen that kills baby in 2nd pregnancy

** this is when blood type doesn’t match!

36
Q

phosphate buffer

A

maintains pH of INTERNAL cells. bicarbonate is EXTRACELL

37
Q

hemorrhage

A

causes reduced BP so increase cardiac output

38
Q

blood brain barrier

A

blockade of cells that slows stuff from getting into CNS

39
Q

LAB RAT

A

Left atrium is bicuspid valve

Right atrium is tricuspid

40
Q

thoracic duct and right lympathic duct empty into

A

left and right subclavian veins

41
Q

thymus and bone marrow are the primary ___

A

lyphoid organs that replenish immune cells

42
Q

thymus houses

A

t cells

43
Q

bone marrow makes

A

b cells

44
Q

peripheral lymphoid tissues

A

TALAPS

tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, appendix, peyters patches and spleen

45
Q

blood is what tissue

A

connective tissue

46
Q

if blood cell supply is low… bone?

A

yellow bone changes to red bone marrow!

47
Q

ductus venosus

A

allows blood in bb to bypass liver

48
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

bypasses the lungs/ fetal pulmonary circulation

49
Q

foramen ovale

A

allows blood to bypass pulmonary circulation by entering left atria directly from right to skip gas exchange

50
Q

cardiac output

A

stroke volume X Heart rate

** volume discharged by ventricles per MIN

51
Q

stroke volume

A

end diastolic volume - end systolic

52
Q

blood pressure

A

cardiac output per minute times systemic vascular resistance

53
Q

double capillary beds

A

hepatic portal system, and hypophyseal portal system

** allows blood to pool into portal vein, then into vein that returns blood to heart w/;o directly going to heart. this allows it to transport products in high cxn to certain part

54
Q

hepatic portal system

A

intestine stuff via hepatic portal vein

** capillary bed allows liver to screen blood

55
Q

hypophyseal portal system

A

hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland capillary bed

DAT Bio FINAL (22 decks)

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