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BIOCA Team > 6. Enzimas > Flashcards

6. Enzimas Flashcards

1
Q

Ejemplo de oxidoreductasa

A

Lactato deshidrogenasa

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2
Q

Que hace el lactato deshidrogenasa?

A

Oxida lactato a piruvato

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3
Q

Tranferasas

A

Transfieren grupos com C-, N-,P-

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4
Q

Ejemplo de una transferasa

A

Serina hidroximetil transferasa

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5
Q

Que hace la hidroximetiltransferasa

A

Convirte serina a glicina y viceversa

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6
Q

Ejemplo de hidrolasa

A

Ureasa

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7
Q

Rompen enlaces C-C, C-S y C-N

A

Liasas

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8
Q

Ejemplo de liasas

A

Piruvato descarboxilasa

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9
Q

Que hace el piruvato descarboxilasa

A

Piruvato a acetaldehido

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10
Q

Ejemplo de isomerasa

A

Metiomalonil CoA mutasa

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11
Q

Ligasas

A

Forman enlaces entre C, O, S y N usando energias

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12
Q

Principales enzimas son

A 
Oxidoreductasas
Trasferasas
Hidrolasas
Liasas
Isomerasas
Ligasas
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13
Q

Requiere ATP

A

Sintetasa

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14
Q

No requiere ATP

A

Sintasa

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15
Q

Usa el agua para remover fosfato

A

Fosfatasa

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16
Q

Usa fosfato para romper enlace

A

Fosforilasa

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17
Q

Deshidrogenasa

A

Nad y fad aceptan electrones

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18
Q

Oxigeno aceptor

A

Oxidasa

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19
Q

ARN con actividad catalitica

A

Ribozimas

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20
Q

Ciclo de krebs
Oxidacion de AG
Oxidacion de piruvato

A

En mitocondria

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21
Q

Glucolisis
Via de PP
Sintesis de AG

A

En Citosol

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22
Q

Union no covalente a enzima

A

Por sustrato

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23
Q

Cambio en enzima

A

Ajuste inducido

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24
Q

Enzima-sustrato se vuelve

A

Enzima-producto

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25
Q

Numero de recambio “Kcat”

A

Cinstante de velocidad para ES a E+P

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26
Q

Enzima con componente no proteico

A

Holoenzima

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27
Q

Enzima sin componente no proteico

A

Apoenzima

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28
Q

Parte no proteica es un ion metalico

A

Cofactor

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29
Q

Parte no proteica es molecula pequeña

A

Coenzima

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30
Q

Conzimas transitorias

A

Cosustratos

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31
Q

Coenzima de froma permanente

A

Grupo prostetico

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32
Q

Diferencia entre reactivos y un intermediario de alta energia dando un estado de transicion

A

Energia d activacion Ea

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33
Q

Entre menor Ea

A

Mayor velocidad de reacion

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34
Q

Une sistrato e inicia conversion

A

Sitio activo

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35
Q

Formacion transitora de ES covalente

A

Catalysis

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36
Q

Susteato que se convierte por unidad de tiempo

A

Velocidad maxima

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37
Q

Expresion de Vmax

A

μmoles/min

38
Q

Cinetica de michaelis menten

A

Hiperbolica

39
Q

Enzimas alostericas con cinetica

A

Sigmoidea

40
Q

Algunas moleculas se desnaturalizan arriba de

A

40º

41
Q

Ecuacion de michelis menten

A

V0= (Vmax[S]/(Km+[S])

42
Q

Velocidad de sintesis igual a la de degradacion

A

Estado estacionario

43
Q

Alta afinidad de enzima po sustrato

A

Km pequeña

44
Q

Baja afinidad de enzima por sustrato

A

Km alta

45
Q

Cuando S es menor que Km

A

Velocidad es igual a concentracion

46
Q

S mayor que Km

A

Velocidad es constante a Vmax

47
Q

Linea de lineweaver-burk

A

1/v0= ((Km/(Vmax[S])+(1/Vmax)

48
Q

Intercepcion en eje x

A

-1/Km

49
Q

Intercepcion en eje y

A

1/Vmax

50
Q

Km=

A

m*Vmax

51
Q

Vmax=

A

1/b

52
Q

Inhibidores con enlaces covalentes

A

Irreversibles

53
Q

Inhibidors con enlaces no covalentes

A

Reversibles (comp y no comp)

54
Q

Inhibidor competitivo

A

No cambia Vmax

55
Q

Inhibidor competitivo

A

Incrementa Km

56
Q

En inhibicon competitiva la linea de lineweaver

A

Se cruza en Vmax(eje y)

57
Q

Antihiperlipidemicos

A

Son no competitivos en colesterol afectando HMG CoA reductasa

58
Q

Analogos de HMG CoA reductasa

A

Atorvastina y pravastina (Lipitor y Pravachol)

59
Q

En inhibicon no competitiva

A

Reducen Vmax

60
Q

Inhibicion no competitiva

A

Km no cambia

61
Q

En la line lineweaver en no competitiva

A

Lineas cruzan en -1/Km (eje x)

62
Q

Inhibidores de enzima convertidorea de angiotensina

A

Reduce tension arterial

63
Q

Acido acetilsalicilico (aspirina)

A

Inhibe irreversible sintesis prostaglandina y tromboxano con ciclooxigenasa

64
Q

Rugulan enzimas alostericas

A

Efectores

65
Q

Efectores se unen

A

En enlace no covalente a sitio alosterico

66
Q

Efectores se dividen en

A

Negativos y positivos

67
Q

Cuando el sustrato sirve como efector

A

Efector homotropo

68
Q

Efectores homotropos

A

Muestran curva sigmoidea

69
Q

Cuando el efector es diferente al sustrato

A

Efector heterotropo

70
Q

Enzima PFK-1 es inhibida de forma alosterica

A

Por citrato

71
Q

Modificacion covalente por adicion o eliminación de

A

Serina, treonina o tirosina

72
Q

Proteinas cinasas

A

Usan ATP para dar PO4

73
Q

Glucogeno fosforilasa con fosfato

A

Activa

74
Q

Glucogeno sintasa con PO4

A

Es inactiva

75
Q

Alteraciones en enzimas

A

Lentas

76
Q

Cambios alostericos o covalentes

A

Rapidos

77
Q

Precursores de coagulacion sanguinea

A

Zimogenos

78
Q

Daño tisular

A

Enzimas intracelulares en plasma

79
Q

Alanina aminotrasferasa (ALT)

A

Incrementa en daño hepatico

80
Q

Creatina cinasa(CK)

A

Irregular en infarto de miocardio

81
Q

CK1 con subunidades BB

A

En cerebro

82
Q

CK2 con subunidades MB

A

1/3 en corazón

83
Q

CK3 con subunidades MM

A

En musculo esqueletico

84
Q

Pico de CK2

A

24horas

85
Q

Protinas implicadas en contracion de musculo

A

Trponinas T(TnT)y (TnI)

86
Q

Isoformas cardicas de troponina (cTn)

A

Respuesta a daño cardíaco

87
Q

cTn con pico a 24 horas y dura

A

3 a 10 días

88
Q

Si Km= m*Vmax

A

Vmax= 1/b (b es “A” en calc)

89
Q

M (pendiente)en calc es

A

“B”

90
Q

B(ordenada al origen) en calc es

A

“A”

BIOCA Team (25 decks)

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