Sketchy Pharm: Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Busulifan, Nitrosoureas (Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin) Flashcards
How does cyclophosphamide work?
It adds an alkyl group to the 7’ nitrogen in guanine which causes DNA to crosslink (like the crosslinked ankles of the Cyclops Phosphamus).
What needs to happen to cyclophosphamide prior to it crosslinking DNA?
Cyclophosphamide must be activated by CYP450 (like the guy throwing the javelin at the cyclops and aggravating him from the CYP chariot).
Cyclophosphamide is used to treat ________________.
cancer (crab sail) and autoimmune disorders (antibody lanterns)
The most significant acute side effect of cyclophosphamide is _______________.
myelosuppression (like the bone marrow leaking from the bone wielded by the cyclops)
Long-term, cyclophosphamide can cause ________________.
hemorrhagic cystitis (like the statue peeing blood) which can be prevented with administration of mesna (like the mesna maze)
Note: this can progress to urothelial cancer (represented by the golden crab over the cyclops’ pelvis).
Cyclophosphamide can cause what electrolyte imbalance?
SIADH (like the water bucket on the cyclops’ head)
Cyclophosphamide can cause what adverse effect in women (if used long-term)?
Premature ovarian failure (like the uterus-shaped tree with rotting fruit)
Note: can cause irreversible azoospermia in men.
How does busulfan work?
Like cyclophosphamide, it is an alkylating agent that causes crosslinking.
Busulfan is commonly used to _______________.
eliminate native bone marrow prior to transplantation (like the emptied out bones next to the SireNs)
What are the adverse effects of busulfan?
- Hyperpigmentation (dark skinned sirens)
- Immunosuppression (emptied out bones)
- Pulmonary damage, either acute or chronic and fibrotic (like the lung patterns on the sirens’ blouses)
The nitrosureas have what suffix?
-mustine (like the centaur mustangs!)
There is one nitrosurea that does not end in -mustine: __________________.
streptozocin (like the STRiPed centaur)
The nitrosureas are used to treat _____________.
brain cancers (like the brain tree behind the centaurs)
What is an important side effect of the nitrosureas?
Neurotoxicity (like the mustang going crazy)