Sketchy Pharm: Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Busulifan, Nitrosoureas (Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin) Flashcards

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1
Q

How does cyclophosphamide work?

A

It adds an alkyl group to the 7’ nitrogen in guanine which causes DNA to crosslink (like the crosslinked ankles of the Cyclops Phosphamus).

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2
Q

What needs to happen to cyclophosphamide prior to it crosslinking DNA?

A

Cyclophosphamide must be activated by CYP450 (like the guy throwing the javelin at the cyclops and aggravating him from the CYP chariot).

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3
Q

Cyclophosphamide is used to treat ________________.

A

cancer (crab sail) and autoimmune disorders (antibody lanterns)

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4
Q

The most significant acute side effect of cyclophosphamide is _______________.

A

myelosuppression (like the bone marrow leaking from the bone wielded by the cyclops)

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5
Q

Long-term, cyclophosphamide can cause ________________.

A

hemorrhagic cystitis (like the statue peeing blood) which can be prevented with administration of mesna (like the mesna maze)

Note: this can progress to urothelial cancer (represented by the golden crab over the cyclops’ pelvis).

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6
Q

Cyclophosphamide can cause what electrolyte imbalance?

A

SIADH (like the water bucket on the cyclops’ head)

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7
Q

Cyclophosphamide can cause what adverse effect in women (if used long-term)?

A

Premature ovarian failure (like the uterus-shaped tree with rotting fruit)

Note: can cause irreversible azoospermia in men.

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8
Q

How does busulfan work?

A

Like cyclophosphamide, it is an alkylating agent that causes crosslinking.

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9
Q

Busulfan is commonly used to _______________.

A

eliminate native bone marrow prior to transplantation (like the emptied out bones next to the SireNs)

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of busulfan?

A
  • Hyperpigmentation (dark skinned sirens)
  • Immunosuppression (emptied out bones)
  • Pulmonary damage, either acute or chronic and fibrotic (like the lung patterns on the sirens’ blouses)
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11
Q

The nitrosureas have what suffix?

A

-mustine (like the centaur mustangs!)

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12
Q

There is one nitrosurea that does not end in -mustine: __________________.

A

streptozocin (like the STRiPed centaur)

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13
Q

The nitrosureas are used to treat _____________.

A

brain cancers (like the brain tree behind the centaurs)

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14
Q

What is an important side effect of the nitrosureas?

A

Neurotoxicity (like the mustang going crazy)

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