Sketchy Micro: Hepatitis B Flashcards
Hepatitis B is in the ____________ family.
Hepadnavirus (short for HEPAtitis DNA VIRUS)
Think of the Hippie PAD.
Describe HBV.
- DNA virus (like the blue and green tones)
- Enveloped (like the hippies’ flowing shirts)
- Circular (like the circle of hippies)
- Partially double-stranded (like the circle with part of it two rows deep)
Uniquely, HBV replicates _______________.
both inside the nucleus and in the cytoplasm (which is why there’s a hippie inside the dome and a bunch outside the dome)
How is HBV transmitted?
- By blood and sex (like the hippie sign for “Sex, Drugs, and Rock & Roll”)
- Mothers can give it to babies during labor by blood exposure (like the hippie pushing her baby in a stroller – both are splattered in red clothing to hammer home the image; also, there are torches by them)
How does HBV replicate?
It uses reverse transcriptase (like the new age girl with the spell book) to replicate via a ssRNA intermediate.
Discuss the rates at which people infected with HBV develop chronic liver infection.
Only about 5% of adults infected with HBV go on to develop chronic liver disease, but almost 90% of neonates will.
(Think of the mother and baby sharing the cookie that looks like a cirrhotic liver – the baby has about 90% of it!)
List some of the extrahepatic manifestations of HBV.
- Arthralgia (like the pain lines emanating from the kneeling hippie)
- Polyarteritis nodosa (like the red beads in her hand), with accompanying kidney disease
- Non-blanching, purpuric, macular rash (like the henna tattoos on her body)
- MPGN and membranous glomerulonephritis (like the other kidney box with two knots in the string above)
In alcoholic liver disease, _____ is usually higher.
In HBV, __________ is usually higher.
AST (Souses Soar)
ALT (like the ALT ball being spiked by the hippie man)
In _____________, transaminase levels are usually normal.
neonatal HBV
Talk about what you’ll find in the serum of someone who’s been infected with HBV.
- HbSAg (this is surface antigen)
- HbEAg (this is the E antigen, which correlates with infectivity)
- Anti-HbC (antibody to core antigen)
- Anti-HbEAg (antibody to E antigen)
- Anti-HbSAg (antibody to surface antigen)
(Think of the hippie van with the word “SpECiES” written on the side: the S and E –correlating with HbSAg and HbEAg – are spikey and antigenic. C is in the window, because this is common in the window period during with people begin to develop antibodies. The second E and S are antibodies to E and S antigens.)
What two serum markers are likely to be elevated in a patient with symptomatic HBV?
HbSAg and HbEAg (which is why Sketchy put these two letters over the flat tire!)
Antibodies to ____________ indicates recovery from HBV.
HbSAg
Immunized people do not have _______________.
anti-HbC or anti-HbE antibodies, so presence of these in the serum indicates past infection
Chronic HBV can cause ____________.
HCC (like the tarot card reader turning over the crab card on the liver-shaped rock)
Describe HDV.
- Negative-sense ssRNA (like the hippie children wearing orange with the moon necklaces)
- Enveloped (like the orange robes they’re wearing)
- Circular genome (like the orange headbands they’re wearing)
