5.6 Gram Negative Non-Lactose Fermenting Aerobic Rods Flashcards

1
Q

how does diarrhea from Salmonellosis differ from E. coli

A

Salmonellosis causes mucoid, necrotic, watery, bloody diarrhea whereas E. coli causes watery, sometimes haemorrhagic diarrhea

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2
Q

how would you culture a bacteria from diarrhea to differentiate E. coli from Salmonella

A

1) selective media (ex. MacConkey agar)
2) enrichment culture
3) lactose fermentation test

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3
Q

what laboratory testing would you order to diagnose salmonellosis

A
  • PCR
  • serology
  • typing of isolates
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4
Q

how do the intestines of an animal infected with salmonellosis look (3)

A
  • inflammed mucosa
  • fibrin
  • pseudomembranes
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5
Q

what is the main species of Salmonella in veterinary medicine? How many subspecies? What subspecies causes the most clinical infections?

A

Salmonella enterica; 6 subspecies; Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

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6
Q

where does salmonella live in animals? is this normal or not?

A

colon; should NOT normally be there (not normal flora except in reptiles)

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7
Q

what is unique about the multiplication of salmonella

A

can multiply not only in the host but also in the environment and in food

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8
Q

how do we further classify the subspecies of S. enterica

A

into serovars (over 2500) via serotyping using slide agglutination for O and H antigens

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9
Q

what is unique about the flagella of salmonella

A

biphasic

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10
Q

how can we FURTHER classify serovars of salmonella

A

into subtypes (phage types, pulsotypes, sequence types, etc.)

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11
Q

T/F animals can be carriers of salmonella

A

T

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12
Q

what are the 2 major types of disease caused by salmonella enterica

A

diarrhea (severe and inflammatory) and septicemia (shock, abortion, death)

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13
Q

what are the 2 broad categories of salmonella serotypes and how do they differ in the type of disease caused

A

host-adapted: cause systemic infection and septicemia

non host-adapted: cause gastroenteritis +/- septicemia if predisposed

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14
Q

what two serovars of Salmonella are non host-adapted

A

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Indiana and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis

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15
Q

T/F Salmonella enterica is zoonotic

A

T

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16
Q

what are pathogenicity islands and what bacteria are they involved with

A

involved with Salmonella enterica; two types (SPI-1 and SPI-2) that are involved in the invasiveness of Salmonella

17
Q

what is the difference between SPI-1 and SPI-2 (in regards to salmonella); what is the similarity between them?

A

SPI-1: involved in uptake by enterocytes, apoptosis, inflammation, diarrhea

SPI-2: involved in survival in macrophages

Both SPI-1 and SPI-2 use a Type III secretion system

18
Q

(host-adapted/non host-adapted) S. enterica contain virulence _________ that contain ______ genes

A

host-adapted; plasmids; spv

19
Q

what are spv genes involved in

A

intracellular multiplication and survival, resistance, fimbriae

20
Q

what does LPS on salmonella do

A

causes inflammatory enteritis with secretory diarrhea

21
Q

how does Salmonella enterica cause septicemia

A

migrates through the intestines and survives in macrophages, where it is then systemically distributed

22
Q

how are neutrophils involved in salmonella enterica gastroenteritis

A

when salmonella invades epithelial cells (via SPI-1) it promotes recruitment and diapedesis of a large number of neutrophils; this in turn causes an increase in vascular permeability; neutrophils induce tissue injury, causing fluid accumulation; eventually a large number of neutrophils and fluid fill the intestinal lumen, creating pseudomembranes and diarrhea

23
Q

if you were to look at the intestines of an animal that died from salmonellosis histologically, what would you see?

A

tons of neutrophils in the intestinal lumen

24
Q

what are some factors that influence whether or not salmonellosis will develop

A

1) dose
2) virulence
3) host (genetics, age, immunity, nutrition)
4) gastric acidity
5) environment (infectious load, hygeine)

25
what is the major reservoir of salmonellosis for humans
poultry (chicken and turkey)
26
in what species is salmonellosis uncommon
dogs and cats
27
immunization against salmonella targets what type of immunity
cell-mediated immunity
28
for what species is there an oral samonella vaccine
chickens
29
salmonella infections are usually ___________, so antibiotics are warranted only when ___________
self-limiting; severe/septicemia (aka host-specific)
30
T/F multidrug resistance is a problem with salmonella
T
31
what serovars of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica are multidrug resistant
S. Dublin, S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, S. Heidelberg
32
salmonella can multiply at temperatures of
20-45C
33
T/F intensification of food animal production promotes salmonellosis, but control programs seem to be helping
T
34
what caused the bubonic plague
Yersinia pestis
35
what is present in pig tonsils and pork
Yersinia enterocolitica
36
what bacteria is commonly seen as an opportunistic pathogen in cases of otitis externa (along with S. pseudointermedius)
P. mirabilis
37
is P. mirabilis susceptible to antibiotics
yes