5.0 Bacti Intro Flashcards

1
Q

what genetic material do bacteria contain? DNA, RNA, both

A

both RNA and DNA

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2
Q

most bacteria grow in artificial/natural media

A

artificial

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3
Q

how do bacteria replicate

A

binary fission

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4
Q

what is the microbiota and what is the role (3)?

A

the microbiota is a community of bacteria that inhabits the body; absorb nutrients, break down food, prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria

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5
Q

what physiological conditions and pathologies is the microbiota associated with

A

immunity, cancer, obesity, chronic inflammation/asthma

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6
Q

virulence mechanisms and PAMPs are often associated with what structure on bacteria

A

the envelope

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7
Q

what is the target on the bacteria for disinfectants and antibiotics

A

the envelope

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8
Q

what are flagella and pili/fimbriae?

A

filamentous proteinaceous structures on the outer surface of the bacteria

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9
Q

what are the two types of pili/fimbriae and what are their functions?

A
  • common pili: adherence to cell surface
  • sex pili: genetic exchange
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10
Q

what is the most dormant form of bacteria

A

spores (limited respiration and metabolism and reduced enzyme production)

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11
Q

what are the 3 basic bacterial shapes

A
  • bacilli
  • cocci
  • spirochetes
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12
Q

what color is Gram + and what color is Gram - ?

A

Gram + = purple
Gram - = red

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13
Q

what are the 2 main components of gram positive bacteria

A

techoic acid (gives antigenicity) and high peptidoglycan (PG)

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14
Q

what are the main components of gram negative bacteria

A

2 layers, high lipid content (inhibits stain), little peptidoglycan

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15
Q

how many layers are gram + vs gram - bacteria

A

gram + = 1 layer
gram - = 2 layers

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16
Q

why is it important to know which bacteria are G+ vs G-

A

the spectrum of antibiotics available will differ

17
Q

what are the 3 forms of culture media

A

solid, semisolid, fluid

18
Q

under optimal condition some bacteria may divide every ______ or faster

A

20 minutes

19
Q

what are the 4 growth phases for bacteria

A

1) lag
2) exponential
3) stationary
4) death

20
Q

the catalase test differentiates bacteria that produce the enzyme _________ to convert _______ to ______ and ____

the coagulase test differentiates bacteria that produce the enzyme ___________ to convert ______ to ___________

A

catalase; hydrogen peroxide; water and oxygen

coagulase; fibrinogen; fibrin

21
Q

what are 5 different molecular methods to identify bacteria

A

1) PCR
2) DNA/RNA probe tests
3) microarray
4) electrophoresis
5) proteomics

22
Q

when can we use immunological methods to identify bacteria

A

if it is a pathogenic bacteria

23
Q

what are 4 different types of immunological tests to identify bacteria?

A

1) ELISA
2) radio-immunoassay
3) fluro-immunoassay
4) immuno chromatography

24
Q

bacteria are _____________ whereas fungi are _______________

A

prokaryotes; eukaryotes

25
T/F fungi can be unicellular or multicellular
T (yeasts - single vs molds - multicellualr)
26
how is the cell wall of fungi different from bacteria
contains chitin, not peptidoglycan
27
how do yeasts vs molds grow
yeasts grow by budding; molds grow by extension of spores to hypha to mycelium
28
what are dimorphic fungi
they have a yeast and a mold form
29
what often determines host and organ specificity
adhesins
30
what types of bacteria are species and organ specific and what types of bacteria are host non-specific
host specific: obligate and primary non-specific: opportunist
31
what are ways that bacteria cause host damage
inflammation, immune-response, lytic enzymes, toxins
32
what is an important endotoxin of what type of bacteria
LPS; Gram -