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POD from G > 5.5 Gram Negative Lactose Fermenting Aerobic Rods > Flashcards

5.5 Gram Negative Lactose Fermenting Aerobic Rods Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of G- aerobic rods lactose fermenters

A

escherichia, klebsiella, enterobacter

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of G- aerobic rods non-lactose fermenters

A

salmonella, proteus, yersinia

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3
Q

how do we identify gram negative aerobic rods (what medium and why)

A

MacConkey agar (it tells apart lactose fermenters from non-lactose fermenters and contains stuff that inhibits G+ and fungal growth - bile salts and crystal violet)

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4
Q

where do gram negative lactose fermenting rods live and what do we call them

A

intestine; aerobes or facultative anerobes

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5
Q

what is the MOST IMPORTANT LF and NLF gram-negative rod

A

LF: Escherichia coli
NLF: Salmonella enterica

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6
Q

fill in the following:
ESKapE

A

E: Enterococci
S: Staphylococcus
K: Klebsiella
E: Enterobacter

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7
Q

T/F Escherichia coli is zoonotic and reportable

A

F: zoonotic but not reportable

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8
Q

what is the dominant aerobe in the intestine

A

Escherichia coli (dominant anaerobe = Clostridium)

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9
Q

Where is E. coli primarily located

A

large intestine

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10
Q

what is the nature of E. coli in the intestine

A

most are non-pathogenic commensals but some strains are extremely pathogenic

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11
Q

what are the following antigens that make up the serotypes of E. coli:

O:
K:
H:
F:

A

O: LPS
K: capsule
H: flagellum
F: fimbriae/pilli

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12
Q

what is serotyping useful for and what is the caveat

A

useful to identify strains/clones of bacteria; need to have the antiserum against the antigen to use it

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13
Q

how does genotyping work

A

uses PCR and whole genome sequencing to find virulence genes to characterize pathotypes of bacteria

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14
Q

what are the TWO main branches of E. coli

A

enteric pathogenic and extra-intestinal pathogenic

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15
Q

describe the branching of the types of enteric pathogenic E. coli

A

can be broken broadly into: ETEC, EPEC, STEC

STEC divides into EHEC and pig ED

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16
Q

ETEC contains ________ adhesins and __________ whereas EPEC contains _______ adhesins and _________

A

pilli; enterotoxin; intimin; A/E protein

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17
Q

what is the difference between the two strains of STEC

A

EHEC: causes diarrhea and systemic disease (kidney shit); Shiga toxin, pili, intimin

Porcine STEC (ED): causes diarrhea and edema

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18
Q

what are clinical signs of ETEC

A

post-weaning diarrhea, dehydration

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19
Q

what are the histologic lesions of ETEC

A

none

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20
Q

how do we diagnose ETEC

A

PCR, agglutination test

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21
Q

T/F ETEC is zoonotic and reportable

A

F to both

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22
Q

T/F ETEC is very host specific

A

T

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23
Q

where is ETEC

A

small intestine

24
Q

how does ETEC develop

A

viruses/diet predispose to it; pili attach to the epithelial cell villi; produces enterotoxins (STI, STII, LT); diarrhea and death

25
what are the 3 enterotoxins produced by ETEC
STI, STII, LT
26
what is the general mechanism of all 3 ETEC enterotoxins
they secrete or inhibit uptake of electrolytes, which fluid follows, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration
27
what type of diarrhea (2) does ETEC cause
post-weaning diarrhea in piglets and neonatal diarrhea in piglets and calves
28
how do we treat ETEC and what is an important consideration
supportive care (ex. rehydration) and antibiotics; the antibiotics won't work until the epithelial cells regenerate
29
why do we care about EHEC
because cows are asymptomatic carriers and influence the development of the disease in humans through contact and consumption of products
30
T/F EHEC is zoonotic and reportable
F; zoonotic, not reportable
31
where does EHEC live
large intestine
32
what type of lesions does EHEC cause
inflammatory lesions
33
what is the pathogenesis of EHEC
ingestion -> bypasses stomach and small intestine -> in large intestine attaches and damages microvilli -> produces Shiga toxin -> bloody diarrhea -> goes septic to the kidney -> hemorrhagic uremic syndrome
34
EHEC causes _______ and _______ lesions to the ________ of the _______
attaching; effacing; microvilli; colon
35
how do we diagnose EHEC in humans
hemorrhagic diarrhea, HUS, PCR in lab
36
how do we treat EHEC in humans
supportive care
37
what is the strain of EHEC that is important in humans (O___:H____)
O157:H7
38
how can we prevent EHEC infections in humans
vaccination of cattle before slaughter; slaughter hygiene; food hygiene
39
what does the colon of a pig with STEC look like
edematous in the mesentery
40
T/F EPEC is zoonotic and reportable
F: neither
41
what species is most prone to EPEC
rabbits
42
describe the pathogenesis of EPEC
injested -> bypasses stomach and small intestine -> attaches to microvilli in the colon -> diarrhea
43
how can we diagnose coliform mastitis caused by extraintestinal E. coli
assessing milk, SCC, agglutination, PCR
44
T/F ExPEC is zoonotic and reportable
F; zoonotic but not reportable
45
what are some diseases caused by UPEC
ascending UTIs, coliform mastitis, endotoxemia
46
UPEC has _______ adhesins and secretes _____
pili; LPS
47
UPEC is unique because it causes _________ infections, mainly in what species
ascending; dogs and cats
48
T/F APEC is zoonotic and reportable
F; zoonotic but not reportable
49
what diseases does APEC cause and in what species
septicemia and cellulitis in birds
50
what is a predisposing factor to APEC
hypo or agammaglobulinemia
51
T/F ExPEC are resistant to complement
T
52
how do ExPEC compete for iron
siderophores
53
what are the 2 Klebsiella spp of interest to vetmed
Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca
54
what type of pathogen is Klebsiella pneumoniae
opportunistic; major cause of hospital-acquired infections in humans
55
what does Klebsiella oxytoca cause
antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic enterocolitis
56
what type of pathogen is enterobacter
opportunist; causes hospital-acquired infections in humans and animals (like K. pneumoniae)
57
how does Enterobacter look (2 characteristics of the bacteria)
mucoid and encapsulated

POD from G (46 decks)

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