Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

POD from G > 2.9, 2.10 Cytology > Flashcards

2.9, 2.10 Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

which organs are readily accessible for cytology

A

lymph nodes, liver, kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is important to consider before doing cytology of any tissue

A

whether the tissue has a characteristic cytological appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what would prompt you to do cytology of a lymph node

A

swelling, pain, to do a metastasis check

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what 3 reasons can explain an enlarged lymph node

A

hyperplasia, inflammation, neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lymphocytes are (hardy/fragile)

A

fragile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what percentage of a normal lymph node consists of small lymphocytes

A

70-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F small, medium and large lymphocytes are all present in a normal lymph node

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what cell types are present in the normal lymph node

A

lymphocytes (all sizes), plasma cells, macrophages, some neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what causes reactive hyperplasia (reactive lymph nodes)

A

antigenic stimulation in the area of drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

reactive hyperplasia is characterized by (2)

A

an increase in the number of large lymphocytes and plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chronic stimulation of lymph nodes results in what change

A

Russell bodies inside of plasma cells (Mott cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are Mott cells and the Russell bodies they contain

A

Mott cells are plasma cells full of immunoglobulin. The Russell bodies are aggregates of immunoglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

under what condition would a lymph node be painful on palpation

A

lymphadenitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lymphadenitis is characterized by (3)

A

an increase in neutrophils, eosinophils or macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mycobacterial infection typically causes ________________ inflammation, which is characterized by _______ cells

A

granulomatous; giant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is lymphoma

A

malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes; homogenous population of lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lymphoma is characterized by ________ in all species; __________ in cats and horses and _____________ in dogs

A

mitotic figures; mixed size of lymphocytes; large lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F most lymphomas are not treatable in small animals

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what types of cancer can metastasize to the lymph nodes? give some examples

A

potentially any malignant tumor can metastasize to lymph nodes; mast cell tumors, malignant histiocytic sarcomas, melanoma, carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when considering the cytology of cancer, it is important to distinguish __________ from _________

A

hyperplasia from neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cancer cytology is best combined with

A

histopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 3 cytological classifications of cancer

A

1) epithelial
2) mesenchymal (spindle cell, stromal cell)
3) round cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are 2 characteristics of epithelial neoplasms

A

cells adhere to one another (sheets, clumps, tubules, acini); cell borders are apparent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are 2 characteristics of mesenchymal cell neoplasms

A

indistinct cytoplasmic boundaries; long cytoplasmic tails or spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
soft tissue sarcoma, fibroma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, chrondrosarcoma are all cancers of
mesenchymal cells
26
what are 2 characteristics of round cell neoplasms
round shape and nucleus; cells do not adhere to one another
27
histiocytoma, melanoma, plasmocytoma are all cancers of
round cells
28
what are the 5 cytological features of cancer
1) size 2) nuclear enlargement (increased N/C ratio) 3) nucleolus number and size 4) mitotic figures 5) hyperchromasia
29
degenerating epithelial cells, cholesterol crystals and macrophages are characteristic of
inclusion cysts
30
what is a sialocele
an obstructed salivary duct that results in submandibular swelling
31
what are the two types of procedures that can be done for respiratory cytology
transtracheal washes (TTW) and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL)
32
what type of respiratory cytology requires less sedation/less equipment (ex. intubation)
transtracheal washes (TTW)
33
transtracheal washes provide a sample of the ____________ and _______________
tracheal; larger bronchi
34
bronchoalveolar lavages provide a sample of the _____________ and _____________
smaller bronchi; possibly alveoli
35
T/F cell counts and total protein are very helpful when assessing respiratory cytology whereas slide preparation is not helpful
F; other way around
36
a moderate number of ______________ and small number of _________, ____________, _________ are normal in respiratory cytology
lymphocytes; neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells
37
aspiration pneumonia is characterized by
inflammation, mixed bacterial morphologies, plant material, keratinizing squamous cells from oral cavity
38
what two forms can chronic non-septic airway inflammation take?
1. suppurative with nondegenerate neutrophils 2. eosinophilic inflammation +/- mast cells
39
what is the name for dislodged mucus plugs from small airways seen with chronic airway inflammation
Curshmann's spirals
40
asthma is characterized by what on cytology
lots of mast cells
41
what are some indications for a bone marrow biopsy
suspected leukemia or metastasis, suspected iron deficiency, suspected bone marrow infection, abnormal cells in circulation, unexplained cytopenia
42
what is an important distinguishing factor between bone marrow aspirates and biopsy
in aspirate the architecture is lost
43
what types of cells would you expect to see in low amounts in body cavity fluids
macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, some monocytes
44
what must you do to fluids with low cell counts before observing
centrifuge
45
examples of fluids with low cell counts are (2)
abdominal and pleural fluids
46
what is the term to describe excessive fluid accumulation
effusion
47
what are the two types of effusion
exudate and transudate
48
you would expect exudate to have (high/low) cells/protein and transudate to have (high/low) cells/protein
high; low
49
what are the 5 main types of effusion
suppurative inflammation, suppurative septic inflammation, lymphocytic inflammation, non-inflammatory effusion, neoplastic effusion
50
what is the etiologic diagnosis
name the agent or cause
51
state of neutrophil preservation is determined by _______ criteria on cytology as opposed to ________ criteria on blood smears
nuclear; cytoplasmic
52
what is the term for compact nuclei of dying neutrophils
pyknosis
53
what is the term for fragmented nuclei of dying neutrophils
karyorrhexis
54
what is the term for lysed nuclei in neutrophils exposed to bacterial toxins
karyolysis
55
karyolysis often indicates
bacterial infection
56
what are the mononuclear cells
monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, mesothelial cells
57
presence of lymphocytes in effusion indicates
chylous effusion (obstruction of lymphatic drainage)
58
T/F artifact can look like bacteria
T
59
if in vivo occurence, bacteria should be
phagocytosed in macrophages
60
for what organisms can cytology provide a definitive diagnosis
fungi and parasites
61
iron-free heme is occasionally seen as ______ on cytology
hematoidin
62
when do we see cholesterol crystals
cysts with chronic non-inflammatory cell degeneration
63
when do we see melanin
in macrophages or in melanoma
64
what is characteristic of bile peritonitis (3)
neutrophils, macrophages, bile pigment
65
what is characteristic of congestive heart failure
modified transudate with slightly elevated protein and cells; erythrophagocytosis
66
what is characteristic of chronic hepatic disease and why
transudates with low protein and low cell count; low albumin
67
what is characteristic of FIP effusion
high protein exudate, yellow colour, low to moderately elevated cells; neutrophils
68
FIP effusion causes a
pyogranulomatous vasculitis
69
what is characteristic of intestinal rupture
plant material, bacteria, neutrophils
70
what is characteristic of pyothorax or pyoperitoneum
suppurative inflammation; neutrophil degereration; may see bacterial colonies grossly
71
what is characteristic of uroabdomen
creatinine, urinary crystals, mild chemical inflammation
72
inclusion cysts are characterized by (3)
macrophages, degenerating epithelial cells, cholesterol crystals

POD from G (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions