53. Different forms of pneumonias (catarrhal, fibrinous, aspiration, interstitial, suppurative and embolic). Mycotic pneumonias Flashcards
neonatal pneumonia
- Aerogenous infection before the newborn got the colostrum
- inhalation of different bacteria
- septicaemia
meconium aspiration syndrome
- during partuition
- due to pathogens
pathogens causing neonatal pneumonia
step
e. coli
definition of pneumonia
inflammatory process in the parenchyma of the lung often accompanied with the lesions of the smaller or larger bronchi
Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
infection
aerogen
Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
pathogens
- primary
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , M. hyorhinis
- PCV 2, PRRSV stb.
*secondary
* Pasteurella multocida , Trueperella pyogenes , Streptococcus spp
lesions of Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
Bronchioloalveolar damage
mild vascular damage
hyperaemia
edema
Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
location
cranioventral
Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
colour
dark, red - grey
Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia consistency
firm, glandular - like
Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
cut surface
muco purlulent content
normal moisture
Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
pleura
normal
Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
lymph nodes
lymphoid hyperplasia or proliferative changes
serous pneumonia
Normal shape, slightly enlarged,
dark er , gland like by palpation,
doesn’t crepitate when cut, clear
liquid oozes to the cut surface
Chronic purulent bronchopneumonia
– fish meet like
– Goblet cell hyperplasia
– bronchiectasia
– atelectasia, emphysema
– BALT hyperplasia
– abscess nodular / multiplex nodular pneumonia
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
infection
aerogen
haemtogen
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
pathogens
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis
Pasteurella multocida,
Streptococcus sp.,
Salmonella Choleraesuis
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
lesions
Bronchioloalveolar damage
Blood vessel damage
Fibrinogen polimerization fibrin
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
localisation
caudodorsal
cranioventral
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
colour
dark, red
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
consistency
firm, homongenous
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
cut surface
– fibrin, multifocal coagulativ necrosis
– dry, haemorrhages
– marble like fibrin and serum in the interstitiumban
– Different lobuli in different stages hepatization
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
pleura
fibrinous pleuritis
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
Ln
oedema
acute purulent lymphadenitis
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
pathogenesis
– Fibrinogen rich exsudation in the lumen of alveoli, bronchioli fibrin
– Followed by cellular infiltration
– The interstitium in the he perifocal areas becomes edematous, thrombosis in the blood and lymphatic vessels
fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
stages
incrementi
red hepatization
grey hepatization
yellow hepatization
resolutionis
serofibrinous hepatization
Healing of the croupous pneumonia
ad integrum
– if the integrity of the tissue structure is maintained
– freed enzymes of the degenerated neutrophils cause:
– fibrinolysis
* partially absorbtion (lymph vessels)
* partially expectoration
– epithel layer of the acini regenerates
Healing of the croupous pneumonia
cum defectu
– connective tissue proliferation from the wall of the respiratory ducts (demarcation)
– carnificatio pulmonum (organisation)
croupous pneumonia due to
direct/ thrombotic effect of the pathogen
lesions of croupous pneumonia
– Smaller or larger necrotic foci
– Sometime hemorrhagic character
– Secondary ichorous pneumonia on the affected areas
cause of death in case of croupous pneumonia
suffocation or heart failure
Suppurative pneumonia
embolic or metastatic
Suppurative pneumonia if hematogenous
Purulent process somewhere in the body –> distributed abscesses in the lung
Suppurative pneumonia if bronchiogenous
first catarrhal or croupous pneumonia occurs and secondary purulent foci are formed
Suppurative pneumonia pathogens
– cattle/pig → Trueperella ( pyogenes
– rabbit → Staphylococcus aureus
– horse → Streptococcus equi, Rhodococcus equi
Aspiration pneumonia
different aspirated fluids
– amniotic fluid
– milk, saliva, food, drinking water, blood
– fluid used for gastric lavage, contrast medium used for filling the GI tract
– eructated or vomited gastric content
consequences of Aspiration pneumonia are different according to
– what type of material and what amount is aspirated
– where did the substance go
– if there where any putrefactive bacteria present
Aspiration pneumonia - putrid bronchitis
– Putrefactive bacteria colonize in the mucous membrane of the bronchi
– the mucous membrane necrotizes
– accompanied with putrid smell, the tissue debris becomes soft fluid
– all the layers of the bronchi are affected
Ichorous pneumonia ways of infection
aerogenous
lympho - haematogenous
Ichorous pneumonia aeorgenous infection
- putrid bronchitis first, than spreading to the lungs
- starts from the airways
Ichorous pneumonia lympho- haematogenous infection
- disseminated foci
- from the blood vessels of the interstitium
Ichorous pneumonia due to putrefactive bacteria
–coagulation necrosis
–secondary softening in the necrotized areas
* putrid smell, histolytic tissue debris causes intoxication (sapr a emia)
– acute ichorous abscess, ichorous cavern (cavity)
*Slow, delayed demarcation
Interstitial pneumonia
most typical lesions
– acute, subacute, chronic proliferative inflammation
– besides proliferative processes immunpathological processes, accumulation of immune cells
Interstitial pneumonia
appearance
– intralobular (interalveolar)
– interlobular between the lobules
– peribronchial around the small bronchi
Interstitial pneumonia age of process
– acute - histiocyte and macrophage proliferation
– subacute -pronounced cell proliferation
– chronic - severe fibrosis
Interstitial pneumonia lesions
Pneumocyte I. necrosis,
pneumocyte II.
proliferation, hyaline
membrane formation
infiltration of interstitium with leucocytes
phases of diffuse alveolar damage
exsudative phase (1-7days)
proliferative phase (1-3weeks)
fibrotic phase (3+ weeks)
exsudative phase
type I penumocyte damafe
inflammatory cells
hyalin membrane formation
oedema
proliferative phase
healing
type II pneumoncyte proliferation
Embolic metastatic pneumonia
possible nodules
- necrotic foci
- purulent (ichorous) abcesses
- gangrenous foci
Embolic metastatic pneumonia
appearance
- solitaer focus (smaller larger)
- evenly disseminated foci
- foci of the same age / or prolonged form (different size)
Pneumonia with granulome formation
usually a side effect of another disease
* Lympho hematogenous metastasis
* Generalization, bacteriaemia
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
– serous hemorrhagic proliferative necrotizing
* necrosis in hours, death in 1 2 days
* pronounced macrophage proliferation
* extended demarcation
– sero fibrinous pleuritis
* due to perifocal edema
anthrax
– Aerogenous infection (piglet inhales the spores)
– Serous, hemorrhagic, necrotizing pneumonia
– Spore reaches the deep areas of the lung, starts to proliferate → rapid course
