53. Different forms of pneumonias (catarrhal, fibrinous, aspiration, interstitial, suppurative and embolic). Mycotic pneumonias

Question 1

neonatal pneumonia

Answer 1

• Aerogenous infection before the newborn got the colostrum
• inhalation of different bacteria
• septicaemia

Question 2

meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer 2

• during partuition
• due to pathogens

Question 3

pathogens causing neonatal pneumonia

Answer 3

step
e. coli

Question 4

definition of pneumonia

Answer 4

inflammatory process in the parenchyma of the lung often accompanied with the lesions of the smaller or larger bronchi

Question 5

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
infection

Answer 5

aerogen

Question 6

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
pathogens

Answer 6

• primary
• Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , M. hyorhinis
• PCV 2, PRRSV stb.

*secondary
* Pasteurella multocida , Trueperella pyogenes , Streptococcus spp

Question 7

lesions of Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia

Answer 7

Bronchioloalveolar damage
mild vascular damage
hyperaemia
edema

Question 8

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
location

Answer 8

cranioventral

Question 9

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
colour

Answer 9

dark, red - grey

Question 10

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia consistency

Answer 10

firm, glandular - like

Question 11

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
cut surface

Answer 11

muco purlulent content
normal moisture

Question 12

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
pleura

Answer 12

normal

Question 13

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
lymph nodes

Answer 13

lymphoid hyperplasia or proliferative changes

Question 14

serous pneumonia

Answer 14

Normal shape, slightly enlarged,
dark er , gland like by palpation,
doesn’t crepitate when cut, clear
liquid oozes to the cut surface

Question 15

Chronic purulent bronchopneumonia

Answer 15

– fish meet like
– Goblet cell hyperplasia
– bronchiectasia
– atelectasia, emphysema
– BALT hyperplasia
– abscess nodular / multiplex nodular pneumonia

Question 16

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
infection

Answer 16

aerogen
haemtogen

Question 17

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
pathogens

Answer 17

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis
Pasteurella multocida,
Streptococcus sp.,
Salmonella Choleraesuis

Question 18

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
lesions

Answer 18

Bronchioloalveolar damage
Blood vessel damage
Fibrinogen polimerization fibrin

Question 19

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
localisation

Answer 19

caudodorsal
cranioventral

Question 20

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
colour

Answer 20

dark, red

Question 21

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
consistency

Answer 21

firm, homongenous

Question 22

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
cut surface

Answer 22

– fibrin, multifocal coagulativ necrosis
– dry, haemorrhages
– marble like fibrin and serum in the interstitiumban
– Different lobuli in different stages hepatization

Question 23

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
pleura

Answer 23

fibrinous pleuritis

Question 24

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
Ln

Answer 24

oedema
acute purulent lymphadenitis

Question 25

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia pathogenesis

Answer 25

– Fibrinogen rich exsudation in the lumen of alveoli, bronchioli fibrin – Followed by cellular infiltration – The interstitium in the he perifocal areas becomes edematous, thrombosis in the blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 26

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia stages

Answer 26

incrementi red hepatization grey hepatization yellow hepatization resolutionis serofibrinous hepatization

Question 27

Healing of the croupous pneumonia ad integrum

Answer 27

– if the integrity of the tissue structure is maintained – freed enzymes of the degenerated neutrophils cause: – fibrinolysis * partially absorbtion (lymph vessels) * partially expectoration – epithel layer of the acini regenerates

Question 28

Healing of the croupous pneumonia cum defectu

Answer 28

– connective tissue proliferation from the wall of the respiratory ducts (demarcation) – carnificatio pulmonum (organisation)

Question 29

croupous pneumonia due to

Answer 29

direct/ thrombotic effect of the pathogen

Question 30

lesions of croupous pneumonia

Answer 30

– Smaller or larger necrotic foci – Sometime hemorrhagic character – Secondary ichorous pneumonia on the affected areas

Question 31

cause of death in case of croupous pneumonia

Answer 31

suffocation or heart failure

Question 32

Suppurative pneumonia

Answer 32

embolic or metastatic

Question 33

Suppurative pneumonia if hematogenous

Answer 33

Purulent process somewhere in the body --> distributed abscesses in the lung

Question 34

Suppurative pneumonia if bronchiogenous

Answer 34

first catarrhal or croupous pneumonia occurs and secondary purulent foci are formed

Question 35

Suppurative pneumonia pathogens

Answer 35

– cattle/pig → Trueperella ( pyogenes – rabbit → Staphylococcus aureus – horse → Streptococcus equi, Rhodococcus equi

Question 36

Aspiration pneumonia different aspirated fluids

Answer 36

– amniotic fluid – milk, saliva, food, drinking water, blood – fluid used for gastric lavage, contrast medium used for filling the GI tract – eructated or vomited gastric content

Question 37

consequences of Aspiration pneumonia are different according to

Answer 37

– what type of material and what amount is aspirated – where did the substance go – if there where any putrefactive bacteria present

Question 38

Aspiration pneumonia - putrid bronchitis

Answer 38

– Putrefactive bacteria colonize in the mucous membrane of the bronchi – the mucous membrane necrotizes – accompanied with putrid smell, the tissue debris becomes soft fluid – all the layers of the bronchi are affected

Question 39

Ichorous pneumonia ways of infection

Answer 39

aerogenous lympho - haematogenous

Question 40

Ichorous pneumonia aeorgenous infection

Answer 40

* putrid bronchitis first, than spreading to the lungs * starts from the airways

Question 41

Ichorous pneumonia lympho- haematogenous infection

Answer 41

* disseminated foci * from the blood vessels of the interstitium

Question 42

Ichorous pneumonia due to putrefactive bacteria

Answer 42

–coagulation necrosis –secondary softening in the necrotized areas * putrid smell, histolytic tissue debris causes intoxication (sapr a emia) – acute ichorous abscess, ichorous cavern (cavity) *Slow, delayed demarcation

Question 43

Interstitial pneumonia most typical lesions

Answer 43

– acute, subacute, chronic proliferative inflammation – besides proliferative processes immunpathological processes, accumulation of immune cells

Question 44

Interstitial pneumonia appearance

Answer 44

– intralobular (interalveolar) – interlobular between the lobules – peribronchial around the small bronchi

Question 45

Interstitial pneumonia age of process

Answer 45

– acute - histiocyte and macrophage proliferation – subacute -pronounced cell proliferation – chronic - severe fibrosis

Question 46

Interstitial pneumonia lesions

Answer 46

Pneumocyte I. necrosis, pneumocyte II. proliferation, hyaline membrane formation infiltration of interstitium with leucocytes

Question 47

phases of diffuse alveolar damage

Answer 47

exsudative phase (1-7days) proliferative phase (1-3weeks) fibrotic phase (3+ weeks)

Question 48

exsudative phase

Answer 48

type I penumocyte damafe inflammatory cells hyalin membrane formation oedema

Question 49

proliferative phase

Answer 49

healing type II pneumoncyte proliferation

Question 50

Embolic metastatic pneumonia possible nodules

Answer 50

* necrotic foci * purulent (ichorous) abcesses * gangrenous foci

Question 51

Embolic metastatic pneumonia appearance

Answer 51

* solitaer focus (smaller larger) * evenly disseminated foci * foci of the same age / or prolonged form (different size)

Question 52

Pneumonia with granulome formation

Answer 52

usually a side effect of another disease * Lympho hematogenous metastasis * Generalization, bacteriaemia

Question 53

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

Answer 53

– serous hemorrhagic proliferative necrotizing * necrosis in hours, death in 1 2 days * pronounced macrophage proliferation * extended demarcation – sero fibrinous pleuritis * due to perifocal edema

Question 54

anthrax

Answer 54

– Aerogenous infection (piglet inhales the spores) – Serous, hemorrhagic, necrotizing pneumonia – Spore reaches the deep areas of the lung, starts to proliferate → rapid course