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Patho - lecture topics > 53. Different forms of pneumonias (catarrhal, fibrinous, aspiration, interstitial, suppurative and embolic). Mycotic pneumonias > Flashcards

53. Different forms of pneumonias (catarrhal, fibrinous, aspiration, interstitial, suppurative and embolic). Mycotic pneumonias Flashcards

1
Q

neonatal pneumonia

A
  • Aerogenous infection before the newborn got the colostrum
  • inhalation of different bacteria
  • septicaemia
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2
Q

meconium aspiration syndrome

A
  • during partuition
  • due to pathogens
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3
Q

pathogens causing neonatal pneumonia

A

step
e. coli

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4
Q

definition of pneumonia

A

inflammatory process in the parenchyma of the lung often accompanied with the lesions of the smaller or larger bronchi

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5
Q

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
infection

A

aerogen

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6
Q

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
pathogens

A
  • primary
  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , M. hyorhinis
  • PCV 2, PRRSV stb.

*secondary
* Pasteurella multocida , Trueperella pyogenes , Streptococcus spp

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7
Q

lesions of Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia

A

Bronchioloalveolar damage
mild vascular damage
hyperaemia
edema

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8
Q

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
location

A

cranioventral

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9
Q

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
colour

A

dark, red - grey

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10
Q

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia consistency

A

firm, glandular - like

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11
Q

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
cut surface

A

muco purlulent content
normal moisture

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12
Q

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
pleura

A

normal

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13
Q

Purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia
lymph nodes

A

lymphoid hyperplasia or proliferative changes

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14
Q

serous pneumonia

A

Normal shape, slightly enlarged,
dark er , gland like by palpation,
doesn’t crepitate when cut, clear
liquid oozes to the cut surface

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15
Q

Chronic purulent bronchopneumonia

A

– fish meet like
– Goblet cell hyperplasia
– bronchiectasia
– atelectasia, emphysema
– BALT hyperplasia
– abscess nodular / multiplex nodular pneumonia

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16
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
infection

A

aerogen
haemtogen

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17
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
pathogens

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis
Pasteurella multocida,
Streptococcus sp.,
Salmonella Choleraesuis

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18
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
lesions

A

Bronchioloalveolar damage
Blood vessel damage
Fibrinogen polimerization fibrin

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19
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
localisation

A

caudodorsal
cranioventral

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20
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
colour

A

dark, red

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21
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
consistency

A

firm, homongenous

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22
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
cut surface

A

– fibrin, multifocal coagulativ necrosis
– dry, haemorrhages
– marble like fibrin and serum in the interstitiumban
– Different lobuli in different stages hepatization

23
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
pleura

A

fibrinous pleuritis

24
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
Ln

A

oedema
acute purulent lymphadenitis

25
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
pathogenesis

A

– Fibrinogen rich exsudation in the lumen of alveoli, bronchioli fibrin
– Followed by cellular infiltration
– The interstitium in the he perifocal areas becomes edematous, thrombosis in the blood and lymphatic vessels

26
Q

fibrinous croupous lobar bronchopneumonia
stages

A

incrementi
red hepatization
grey hepatization
yellow hepatization
resolutionis
serofibrinous hepatization

27
Q

Healing of the croupous pneumonia
ad integrum

A

– if the integrity of the tissue structure is maintained
– freed enzymes of the degenerated neutrophils cause:
– fibrinolysis
* partially absorbtion (lymph vessels)
* partially expectoration
– epithel layer of the acini regenerates

28
Q

Healing of the croupous pneumonia
cum defectu

A

– connective tissue proliferation from the wall of the respiratory ducts (demarcation)
– carnificatio pulmonum (organisation)

29
Q

croupous pneumonia due to

A

direct/ thrombotic effect of the pathogen

30
Q

lesions of croupous pneumonia

A

– Smaller or larger necrotic foci
– Sometime hemorrhagic character
– Secondary ichorous pneumonia on the affected areas

31
Q

cause of death in case of croupous pneumonia

A

suffocation or heart failure

32
Q

Suppurative pneumonia

A

embolic or metastatic

33
Q

Suppurative pneumonia if hematogenous

A

Purulent process somewhere in the body –> distributed abscesses in the lung

34
Q

Suppurative pneumonia if bronchiogenous

A

first catarrhal or croupous pneumonia occurs and secondary purulent foci are formed

35
Q

Suppurative pneumonia pathogens

A

– cattle/pig → Trueperella ( pyogenes
– rabbit → Staphylococcus aureus
– horse → Streptococcus equi, Rhodococcus equi

36
Q

Aspiration pneumonia
different aspirated fluids

A

– amniotic fluid
– milk, saliva, food, drinking water, blood
– fluid used for gastric lavage, contrast medium used for filling the GI tract
– eructated or vomited gastric content

37
Q

consequences of Aspiration pneumonia are different according to

A

– what type of material and what amount is aspirated
– where did the substance go
– if there where any putrefactive bacteria present

38
Q

Aspiration pneumonia - putrid bronchitis

A

– Putrefactive bacteria colonize in the mucous membrane of the bronchi
– the mucous membrane necrotizes
– accompanied with putrid smell, the tissue debris becomes soft fluid
– all the layers of the bronchi are affected

39
Q

Ichorous pneumonia ways of infection

A

aerogenous
lympho - haematogenous

40
Q

Ichorous pneumonia aeorgenous infection

A
  • putrid bronchitis first, than spreading to the lungs
  • starts from the airways
41
Q

Ichorous pneumonia lympho- haematogenous infection

A
  • disseminated foci
  • from the blood vessels of the interstitium
42
Q

Ichorous pneumonia due to putrefactive bacteria

A

–coagulation necrosis
–secondary softening in the necrotized areas
* putrid smell, histolytic tissue debris causes intoxication (sapr a emia)
– acute ichorous abscess, ichorous cavern (cavity)
*Slow, delayed demarcation

43
Q

Interstitial pneumonia
most typical lesions

A

– acute, subacute, chronic proliferative inflammation
– besides proliferative processes immunpathological processes, accumulation of immune cells

44
Q

Interstitial pneumonia
appearance

A

– intralobular (interalveolar)
– interlobular between the lobules
– peribronchial around the small bronchi

45
Q

Interstitial pneumonia age of process

A

– acute - histiocyte and macrophage proliferation
– subacute -pronounced cell proliferation
– chronic - severe fibrosis

46
Q

Interstitial pneumonia lesions

A

Pneumocyte I. necrosis,
pneumocyte II.
proliferation, hyaline
membrane formation
infiltration of interstitium with leucocytes

47
Q

phases of diffuse alveolar damage

A

exsudative phase (1-7days)
proliferative phase (1-3weeks)
fibrotic phase (3+ weeks)

48
Q

exsudative phase

A

type I penumocyte damafe
inflammatory cells
hyalin membrane formation
oedema

49
Q

proliferative phase

A

healing
type II pneumoncyte proliferation

50
Q

Embolic metastatic pneumonia
possible nodules

A
  • necrotic foci
  • purulent (ichorous) abcesses
  • gangrenous foci
51
Q

Embolic metastatic pneumonia
appearance

A
  • solitaer focus (smaller larger)
  • evenly disseminated foci
  • foci of the same age / or prolonged form (different size)
52
Q

Pneumonia with granulome formation

A

usually a side effect of another disease
* Lympho hematogenous metastasis
* Generalization, bacteriaemia

53
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

A

– serous hemorrhagic proliferative necrotizing
* necrosis in hours, death in 1 2 days
* pronounced macrophage proliferation
* extended demarcation
– sero fibrinous pleuritis
* due to perifocal edema

54
Q

anthrax

A

– Aerogenous infection (piglet inhales the spores)
– Serous, hemorrhagic, necrotizing pneumonia
– Spore reaches the deep areas of the lung, starts to proliferate → rapid course

Patho - lecture topics (57 decks)

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