40. changes of cavities and measurements of the heart. cardiomyopathies Flashcards
3 types of enlargements of the heart
simple dilation
hypertrophy
cardiac aneurysm
simple dilation
passive
relative weight doesnt change
myofibres stretch
rounded, flaccid, thin walls, dilated, filled with blood
hypertrophy of heart 2 types
concentric
eccentric
what is hypertrophy
not hyperplasia
increase in relative weight
gradual, permanent increase of workload
myocytes enlarge & tlarge nuclei
concentric hypertrophy
- Small ventricular chambers
- Thick walls
- In pressure overload valvular stenosis, hypertension, pulmonary disease)
eccentric hypertrophy
- Enlarged ventricular chambers
- Walls of normal thickness
- In volume overload valvular insufficiency , septal defect
causes of right ventricular hypertrophy
– Congenital pulmonic stenosis
– Dirofilariasis (heartworm disease)
– Chronic alveolar emphysema (horse)
– High altitude disease (cattle)
causes of left ventricular hypertrophy
– Congenital (sub)aortic stenosis
– Acquired aortic stenosis
– Hepatic cirrhosis, renal fibrosis
causes of biventricular hypertrophy
– Primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
– Congenital anomalies
cardiac aneurysm
can be congenital or the consequence of regressive changes in the myocardium –> muscle layer is missing –> bulging out of the cardiac wall –> risk of rupture!
cardiomyopathy definition
any disease of heart muscle
primary cardiomyopathy
primary dysfunction of heart muscle of unknown cause
secondary cardiomyopathy
cardiac muscle dysfunction due to preexisting abnormalities
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy most common in
male cats
differential of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats
hyperthryroidism
