1. Developmental anomalies of the oral cavity, teeth and intestine

Question 1

Causes of oral cavity anormalities

Answer 1

Hereditary factors such as
- maternal nutrition deficiency
- teratogenic effects during pregnancy
- mechanical interference with embryo

Question 2

aprosopia

Answer 2

missing facial bones

Question 3

prognathia/brachynathia

Answer 3

Maxilla or mandible are longer / shorter

Question 4

Diprosopia, Dignathia superior or inferior

Answer 4

Duplicated

Question 5

Agnathia

Answer 5

Absent

Question 6

Cheiloschisis

Answer 6

Failure in fusion of facial soft tissue (skin, muscles, mm)

Question 7

failure of fusion of facial bone

Answer 7

Cheilognathoschisis

Question 8

Cleft lip

Answer 8

failure of fusion of maxillary & medial nasal processes:

Question 9

medial cleft lip = hare lip (Cheiloschisis superior media)

Answer 9

lateral cleft lip = lateral cleft lip (Cheiloschisis superior laterale)

Question 10

if reaches up to orbita = facial cleft

Answer 10

Meloschisis

Question 11

Cleft palate:

Answer 11

failure of fusion of lateral palatine process and nasal septum, &/or median palatine process
(Palatoschisis)

Question 12

• Transverse facial cleft:

Answer 12

failure of fusin of maxillary & mandibular process (Prosoposchisis)

Question 13

anomalities of the teeth

Answer 13

dental arch is longer or shorter
abnormality of one tooth
abnormal tooth structure or number

Question 14

Dental arch is longer or shorter →

Answer 14

Prognathia or Brachygnathia,

Question 15

Consequence of prognathia

Answer 15

Abnormal number

Question 16

tooth is missing

Answer 16

Oligodontia:

Question 17

Dental fluorosis:

Answer 17

teeth are damaged before they erupt, show erosions of the enamel

Question 18

anomalities of the intestines

Answer 18

duplication
agenesia
atresia
meckels

Question 19

Atresia:

Answer 19

occlusion of the intestinal lumen due to anomalous development of the intestinal
wall.

Question 20

Agnesia:

Answer 20

absence of sphincter muscles ading to navel)

Question 21

• Persistent ductus vitellointestinalis interna -

Answer 21

Meckel’s diverticle