36. developmental anomalies of the heart Flashcards
2 types of congenital defects of heart
genetically coded/ hereditary defects
acquired congenital defects
cause of acquired congenital defects
toxins
chemicals
drugs
maternal nutritional deficiencies
3 problems that can happen to heart tube
agenesia/agnesis
hypoplasia
ectopia cordia
3 types of ectopia cordia
thoracalis
cervicalis
abdominalis
congenital defects affecting the septae
ventricular septal defect VSD
atrial septal defect ASD
2 types of asd
true atrial septal defect
patent foramen ovale (PFO)
what is PFO
fetal cardiac shunt - allows blood to enter left atrium from right atrium
congenital defects affecting the valves
pulmonic stenosis
subaortic stenosis
atrioventricular valve dysplasia
valvular cysts
what is pulmonic stenosis
malformation of the pulmonic vaalve with a small central orifice
what is subaortic stenosis
formation of a fibrous ring below the aortic valve
what is atrioventricular valve dysplasia
dysplastic malformation
what are valvular cysts
hemocysts or lymphocysts on the AV valves
congenital defects affecting the endocardium
endocardial fibroelastosis
what are endocaridal fibroelastosis
thickened, opaque, greyish-white
due to increased amount of collagen and elastic fibres
congenital defects affecting the blood vessels
persistent truncus arteriosus
transposition of teh aorta and pulmonary artery
PDA
persisitent right aortic arch
what is persistent truncus arteriosus
a single large artery originates above a large ventricular septal defect
what is pda
fetal cardiac shunt communication btw the pulmonary artery and the aorta which allows blood to bypass lungs
left to right shunt causing pulomnary hypertension
what is persistent right aortic arch
the aorta was formed on the right side and hte lig. arteriosum forms a ring constricting the oesophagus and trachea
what is tetralogy of fallot
a complicated cardiac anomaly with 4 lesions split into primary and secondary defects
what are the primary defects of tetralogy of fallot
ventricular septal defect
pulmonic stenosis
dextroposition of the aorta
what is the secondary defect of tetralogy of fallor
right ventricular hypertrophy
