5. Sampling AO1 Flashcards
Define population
The large group of people that a researcher is interested in studying, e.g. College students from the North West
Define sample
It is usually not possible to include all members of the population in the study, so a smaller group is selected - the sample
Explain generalisations
The sample that is drawn should be representative of the population so generalisations can be made
Explain Bias
The majority of samples are biased in that certain groups may be over or under represented
What is an opportunity sample?
People who are simply most available, such as the Ines that are nearest or easiest to obtain
How is an opportunity sample selected?
Ask people nearby e.g. Ask the students in you class to take part or ask people who walk past you at a shopping centre
How are volunteer samples selected?
In a volunteer sample, participants select themselves by responding to an advertisement
What is a random sample?
Every person in the target population has an equal chance of being selected
How is a random sample selected?
Lottery method, all members of the target population are given a number and placed in a hate or tombola
What is systematic sampling?
Participants are selected using a set ‘pattern - called a sampling frame
How are systematic samples picked?
Every nth person is selected from a list of the tartlet population
What is stratified sampling?
Participants are selected according to their frequency in the target population
How is a stratified sample selected?
Subgroups are identified e.g. gender or age groups - relative percentages of subgroups in population are reflected in sample
