5. power- civil war to restoration Flashcards
What belief did Charles I and James I hold regarding their authority?
They believed they had been appointed by ‘divine right’ (directly by God).
What was Charles I’s view on governance?
Charles believed in absolutism, meaning he should have total control.
What action did Charles I take to suppress criticism?
He introduced censorship.
How did Charles I’s subjects perceive him?
Many thought he was arrogant because he would not tolerate any challenge, even from nobles or Parliament.
What was the relationship between Charles I and Parliament like?
It was difficult from the outset.
What was ‘ship money’ and how did Charles I apply it?
‘Ship money’ was a levy usually applied to people living in or near ports, but Charles applied it in peacetime.
What action did Charles I take regarding Church land in Scotland?
He tried to take back Church land that had been given to Scottish nobles in the sixteenth century.
What was the reaction of Scottish leaders to Charles I’s religious changes?
They refused to accept the changes, leading Charles to march an army north.
What was a concern among the people regarding Charles I?
Many were concerned about his pro-Catholic views.
What financial action did Charles I take due to waging wars?
He had to raise a lot of taxes.
What significant action did Charles I take in 1626 regarding Parliament?
He dissolved Parliament.
When was Parliament reconvened after being dissolved by Charles I?
It was reconvened in 1629 but dissolved again until 1640.
What is referred to as Charles’ ‘Personal Rule’?
The period when Parliament was dissolved from 1629 until 1640.
What was the Grand Remonstrance?
A document created by MPs that listed over 200 criticisms and demands.
What did Charles I do in January 1642 regarding MPs?
He arrested five MPs after accusing them of treason.
What was the outcome of Charles I’s actions against Parliament?
Parliament gathered its forces, and in August 1642, Charles declared war on Parliament.
What happened to Charles after the Second Civil War?
Charles was imprisoned in May 1646 after he had been captured by the Scots and handed to Parliament.
What was the general sentiment about Charles after the First Civil War?
People generally agreed that they did not want to get rid of Charles, but disagreed on how to move forward.
What happened to MPs who disagreed with Charles being tried in 1648?
In 1648, roughly 300 MPs who disagreed with Charles being tried were thrown out of Parliament, leaving a ‘Rump Parliament’ of about 200.
How did the public react to Charles’s trial and execution?
Many English people were genuinely shocked when Charles was put on trial and then executed in January 1649.
What changes occurred in England after the victory of the Parliamentarians?
From 1649 to 1653, England was ruled by the Rump Parliament, during which the monarchy and the House of Lords were abolished.
Why did Cromwell dismiss the Rump Parliament in 1653?
Cromwell dismissed the Rump in 1653 because he disagreed with their tolerance of religion and their cautious actions.
What was the Barebones Parliament?
The Barebones Parliament consisted of 144 men who were sympathetic to Cromwell’s views and ruled temporarily.
What was Cromwell’s role from 1653 to 1658?
From 1653 to 1658, Cromwell ruled as lord protector, a period known as the Protectorate.
What reforms were made during Cromwell’s rule?
Parliament was reformed and constituencies were resized to make them more representative.
What was shared between Parliament and the lord protector during the Protectorate?
Control of the army.
How did Cromwell enforce Puritanism in England?
He divided England into regions ruled by major-generals.
What significant document did Cromwell accept in 1657?
The Humble Petition and Advice.
What were the main outcomes of the Humble Petition and Advice?
Abolition of major-generals, reduction in the army, and more governmental control over taxes.
What proposal was made regarding Cromwell’s title in the Humble Petition and Advice?
Cromwell was proposed to become king, but he refused.
What was the outcome of the Restoration?
The return of the monarchy with limited powers.
Who ruled England after Cromwell and what happened to him?
Cromwell’s son Richard ruled but retired in 1659 due to lack of support.
Who became king after negotiations with Parliament in 1660?
Charles II after accepting the terns of the Declaration of Breda
What powers were limited for Charles II regarding Parliament?
He could not raise taxes without Parliament’s permission.
What restrictions did Charles II face in targeting his opponents?
He could not use special Parliaments or claim ship money.
