2. the english reformation- critics of the church Flashcards
Who were the Lollards?
The Lollards were a group of fourteenth-century reformers who believed that the priesthood was not necessary and that people should read the Bible in English.
What happened to those who believed in Lollard ideas?
If people were discovered believing in Lollard ideas, they would be tried for heresy. 73 such people were executed under King Henry VII between 1485 and 1509.
Who were the Humanists?
The Humanists were a group that emerged in the late fifteenth century from the beginning of the Renaissance, arguing for the Bible to be in English.
What was the Humanists’ argument regarding the Bible?
Humanists argued that the Bible should be in English to allow more people to have ‘direct’ access to God, focusing on studying the word of God rather than ceremony.
Who were Luther and Zwingli?
Luther and Zwingli were two Church reformers from central Europe, known as Protestants, who had many complaints about Catholicism.
What reforms did Luther and Zwingli call for?
They wanted the Bible in the language of the people, people to pray only to God, and they believed that Purgatory did not exist.
What practices did Luther criticize?
Luther criticized the Church for practices such as the selling of indulgences and relics by priests and other churchmen for personal wealth.
What was notable about the arguments against the Church?
The sense of corruption and misuse of power was notable, and these arguments started to spread across Europe despite the dangers of criticizing the Church.
What was the state of support for the Church in the 1530s?
Although the majority of people still supported the Church, there were growing calls for reform in the 1530s.
What was the Reformation in England influenced by?
The Reformation developed from both outside and inside the Church.
Where in England was there a stronger uptake of Protestant ideas?
Not just London, but larger towns like Norwich and Bristol saw people preaching Protestant views.
Who criticized the Church’s wealth and power?
Laymen, who were not churchmen, criticized the amount of land, wealth, and power of the Church.
One notable lay reformer was Simon Fish, who publicised a widely read pamphlet.
What was the focus of clerical criticism of the Church?
Clerical criticism was aimed more at the spiritual problems in Catholicism.
William Tyndale was a priest who demanded that priests be trained and educated properly.
Which city became the center for the development of Protestant ideas?
Cambridge became the center of the development of Protestant ideas.
Who were some key figures in the development of Evangelism?
Men such as Miles Coverdale, Hugh Latimer, and Thomas Cranmer developed the idea of Evangelism.
How did authorities respond to the development of Protestant ideas?
The authorities kept a close eye on the development of Protestant ideas.
Who was Thomas Wolsey?
Thomas Wolsey was the son of a butcher from Ipswich who became one of the most powerful people in England and the man who ran the country for Henry VIII.
What is pluralism in the context of the Church?
Pluralism was the practice of people holding more than one office, allowing individuals like Wolsey to hold several titles and positions simultaneously.
What were the concerns about the morals of the Church?
There were serious concerns about the morals of the Church, particularly regarding priests who were supposed to be celibate but were found to be involved in immoral activities, such as a brothel set up for priests in London.
How did Wolsey respond to criticisms of the Church?
Wolsey had theologians write books and speak out in defense of Catholicism, and he also had the works of Luther burned in public.
Who was Thomas More?
Thomas More was a defender of Catholicism who wrote a response to Simon Fish’s work and later replaced Wolsey as chancellor.
