5 Flashcards
what is the most common amino acid substitution in mutated OPRM-1 gene that leads to increased risk of alcohol relapse?
arginine –> aspartic acid
how long can Etg detect alcohol for?
4-5 days
which gene involved with cannabis use disorder?
CNR1
CIWA score greater than what requires inpatient detox?
15
short acting or long acting benzos leads to higher risk of delirium?
short acting
which drug can cause discoloration of the nose?
inhalants (caustic burns)
what gene associated with increased nicotine clearance (and therefore more cigarettes)?
CYP2A6*1B
which genes associated with decreased nicotine clearance (and therefore less cigarettes)
CYP2A6*9 and *10
how do benzos engage with GABA receptor?
bind to GABA-A receptor subunit –> change in conformation –> increasing receptor’s affinity for available GABA
half life and duration of nicotine
half life: 2 hours
duration: 6-8 hours
do men or women metabolize nicotine faster?
women
which NT is most impacted by meth use?
dopamine
which gene associated with increased risk of smoking and interaction with pharmacotherapy in smokers?
CHRNA5
can electroacupuncture help alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms?
yes
venlafaxine can be false positive for
PCP
which drug associated with hypertensive nephrosclerosis
cocaine
which opioid is considered gold standard for pain control in terminally ill and why?
morphine
efficacy, minimal accumulation of harmful metabolites, administration routes
are there differences at six month mark post detox for alcohol services in people who went to inpatient vs outpatient detox?
no
which use disorder is not considered a risk factor for sedative misuse?
marijuana use disorder
why is menthol added to cigarettes?
anesthetic activity to mitigate harsh sensation of smoking
what are the questions of AUDIT-C?
1) how often do you have a drink?
2) how many standard drinks do you drink in a typical day?
3) how often do you have 6 or more drinks in an occasion?
AUDIT-C scoring
≥3 = positive for women
≥4 = positive for men
≥7 = alcohol dependence
does altered perception of time happen in MDMA?
yes
LAAM no longer used in opioid treatment because
of risk of torsades de pointes
how does stress affect dopamine
stress–> glucocorticoids –> dopamine activation –> drug seeking
is bupe safe for breastfeeding?
yes! poor bioavailability in infants
how does bupe compare to methadone in pregnancy?
- decreased risks preterm birth
- greater birth weight
- larger head circumference
no greater harms
cannabis most prevalent in which continent?
north america
cannabis more prevalent in urban or rural?
urban pop
CIWA scores of what suggest severe withdrawal
20
how do caffeinated beverages and sodas influence NRT absorption
acidic drinks like caffeine and soda ionize nicotine –:> decrease oral absorption
GHB primarily metabolized in the
liver
GHB half life
30-60 min
GHB can be detected in urine up to
24 hours
