2 Flashcards
which gene is associated with childhood adversity leading to alcohol abuse?
ALDH1A1
which gene is associated with alcohol flushing
GABRA6
which genes are associated with alcohol metabolism and linked to GI cancer
ADH1B and ALDH2
what common psychoactive drug can lead to pulmonary complications in overdose?
caffeine!
(phosphodiesterase inhibitor –> smooth muscle relaxation –> pulmonary edema)
what drug when combined with cocaine, leads to longer duration of cocaine?
alcohol
forms cocaethylene by transesterification
which class of drugs create vivid unpleasant dreams during withdrawal (in addition to mj)
stimulants
labetelol can come up as false positive for what on UDS?
amphetamines
whats the name of the syndrome where people cant get stimulation from normal daily life?
reward deficiency syndrome
whats the threshold of “at risk” drinking for adults over 65 y/o
more than 7 drinks a week or more than 3 drinks a night
incidence of heavy drinking is
3-9%
percent of older people with SUD with coocurring psychiatric illness
21-66%
papaverine (ED drug) comes up as false positive for what on UDS?
opiate
after ambulatory detox, the rate of going to residential program is
50%
are there specific rigorously tested criteria to evaluate inpatient versus outpatient detox?
no
what is mot common type of seizure induced by drugs?
generalized tonic clonic
most benzos are metabolized by
CYP34A oxidation and glucoronide conjugation
lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam are metabolized how
only by conjugation
lorazepam is metabolized to what
glucoronide
how is clonazepam metabolized
nitroreduction
pathway of diazepam metabolites
diazepam –> temazepam–> oxazepam
is benzo metabolism affected by OCPs?
yes (inhibit CYP3A4)
whats the disorder when brushing against a shirt is painful?
mechanical dynamic allodynia
barbs or benzos do what to chloride channel?
barbs - increase duration of opening
benzos - increase frequency of opening
which drug causes sexual dysfunction of poor erections only with substance intoxication and not withdrawal
amphetamines
(alcohol and opiates are both during intoxication and w/d)
Big 5 drug test
opioids, amphetamines, marijuana, PCP, cocaine
methadone is metabolized to
EDDP
what is a metabolite of both heroin and codeine
morphine
heroin half life and duration
half life - 30 min
duration - 4-5 hours (because metabolites)
half life of codeine and oxycodone
Codeine - 2-3 hours
Oxycodone - 3-5 hours
risk factors for marijuana use
male
teens
low SES
low education
which gene associated with alcohol abuse and psychiatric disorders and amygdala activation?
SLC6A4
which genes associated with smoking cessation and smoking relapse?
cessation - CHRNA5
relapse - CYP2A6
which drugs are left out of teen drug prevention programs
drugs to increase athletic performance
how do OCPs affect nicotine clearance?
increase clearance
how does pregnancy affect nicotine clearance?
increases clearance
are women or men more likely to seek help for gambling disorder?
men
women constitute what percent of pathological gambling
32%
how is meth eliminated from the body?
renally
physician specialties with highest rates of SUDs
psychiatry
ER
anesthesia
