5

Question 1

cohesive, adhesive

Answer 1

cohesive: united and working together effectively:
The higher the value of the points received from others, the more valuable subjects’ relationships and the more cohesive the group.
adhesive: noun:
Fill in the gaps with clear silicone adhesive.
adj:
The material is a clear film with an adhesive backing.
The labels are easy to apply and very adhesive.

Question 2

vagaries

/ˈveɪ.ɡɚ.iz/

Answer 2

noun: unexpected events or changes that cannot be controlled and can influence a situation:
نوسان ها، تغییرات ناگهانی
The success of the event will be determined by the vagaries of the weather.
She had her own style and was not influenced by the vagaries of fashion.

Question 3

maintain

Answer 3

verb: 1: to continue to have; to keep in existence, or not allow to become less:
The army has been brought in to maintain order in the region.
Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links.
The film has maintained its position as the critics’ favourite for another year.
2. to keep a road, machine, building, etc. in good condition:
A large house costs a lot to maintain.
The roads in the town have been very poorly maintained.
3. to express firmly your belief that something is true:
Throughout his prison sentence, Dunn has always maintained his innocence.
[ + that ] He maintains that he has never seen the woman before.
noun: maintenance: 1. the process of keeping or continuing something:
The office is charged with the maintenance of customary practices and ceremonies.
2.
The magazine offers tips on cutting your house maintenance costs.
Bridges require a lot of maintenance.
3. خرجی بچه ها بعد از طلاق
He refused to pay maintenance for his three children.

Question 4

curb

Answer 4

verb: 1. to control or limit something that is not wanted:
The government should act to curb tax evasion.
You’ve got to learn to curb your temper.
You must make sure not to eat fast foods if you want to curb your appetite.
noun:
You must try to put a curb on your bad temper/spending habits.

synonym: control, limit

Question 5

briskly

Answer 5

adj: brisk: تند و تیز، چالاک، سریع، سرزنده، پررونق
He set a brisk pace and we struggled to keep up.
Her tone on the phone was brisk (= she spoke quickly and used few words) and businesslike.
I took a brisk walk.
Business has been brisk lately.
adv: briskly:
She walked briskly into town.
Beat the eggs whites briskly until soft peaks form.
“Let’s get it over with,” he said briskly.

synonym: quick, speedy, prompt, swift

Question 6

gradually

Answer 6

adj: gradual: happening or changing slowly over a long period of time or distance:
As you go further south, you will notice a gradual change of climate.
There has been a gradual improvement in our sales figures over the last two years.
adv: gradually:
Sales of the product are improving gradually.
Gradually, she realized that he wasn’t telling her the truth.

Question 7

alternate

Answer 7

verb: یک درمیان آمدن، یک در میان کردن، نوبتی بودن یا کردن
She alternated between cheerfulness and deep despair.
He alternated working in the office with long tours overseas.
+She alternated chocolate layers with cream layers in dessert.
adj:
with first one thing, then another thing, and then the first thing again:
+a dessert with alternate layers of chocolate and cream
If something happens on alternate days, it happens every second day:
Private cars are banned from the city on alternate days.
noun: a person or thing that can take the place of another:
David was too sick to attend, so Janet served as his alternate.

Question 8

bathe

Answer 8

verb: to swim, especially in the sea, a river, or a lake:
The boys could not bathe, because the staff kept the shower rooms locked.
Children suffering from the illness had bathed in sea water contaminated by sewage.
to cover something in a way that causes a pleasant feeling or appearance:
غرق در نور، محبت و … کردن
In the afternoon the sun bathes the city in shades of pink and gold.
to cover something with a liquid, especially in order to make part of the body feel better:
شستشو دادن، غسل دادن
I bathed my feet in salt water.
noun:
آبتنی
I went for a bathe every evening.

Question 9

mouth(v)

Answer 9

to form words with the lips without making any sound:
It looks to me as if the singers are only mouthing the words .
“Can we go?” mouthed Mary.
I mouthed a single word, “Please.”
to say something in a way that is not sincere:
I don’t want to stand here listening to you mouthing apologies.

Question 10

writhe

Answer 10

verb: to make large twisting movements with the body:
به خود پیچیدن، بیقرار شدن
She was writhing around/about on the ground.
The pain was so unbearable that he was writhing in agony.
In other words, the baby is writhing in agony during those procedures.
Surely our country, viewed from the air, will look like a series of writhing, intertwined snakes.

Question 11

agony

Answer 11

noun: extreme physical or mental pain or suffering:
She lay there screaming in agony.
I was in an agony of suspense.
We’ve both suffered agonies of guilt over what happened.
It must be agony for them to say goodbye.

Question 12

nutrient

Answer 12

noun: nutrient:
مواد مغذی
It’s good soil - full of nutrients.
A healthy diet should provide all your essential nutrients.
noun: nutrition:
تغذیه
She’s a professor of nutrition at Columbia University.
Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.
adj: nutritional:
Chemical sweeteners have no nutritional value.
adj: nutritious:
This includes consumer demands for safer and more nutritious foods.
a nutritious diet
Raw spinach is especially nutritious.

Question 13

leisure

Answer 13

noun: the time when you are not working or doing other duties:
I don’t have much opportunity for leisure pursuits these days.
The leisure industry is booming .
Most people only have a limited amount of leisure time.
The town lacks leisure facilities such as a swimming pool or squash courts.

Question 14

conservation

Answer 14

verb: conserve: 1. Preserving and saving:
To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our heating.
The nationalists are very eager to conserve their customs and language.
I’m not being lazy - I’m just conserving my energy for later.
He rested all morning, conserving his strength for the competition in the afternoon.
In order to conserve fuel, they put in extra insulation.
2. a type of jam in which the fruit is whole or in large pieces:
apricot/strawberry conserve
noun: conservation:
1.
wildlife conservation
Energy conservation reduces your fuel bills and helps the environment.
2. قانون پایستگی
Conservation laws are fundamental to our understanding of the physical world.
conservation of mass/charge/energy
adj: conservative:
محافظه کار/سنت گرا/امل
a conservative society/outlook
Older people tend to be more conservative and a bit suspicious of anything new.
He has a very conservative approach to management.
She’s very conservative in her eating habits.
When it comes to music, my tastes are quite conservative.
He’s a very conservative dresser - he always looks like he’s wearing his father’s clothes!

Question 15

sufficient

Answer 15

adj: enough for a particular purpose:
This recipe should be sufficient for five people.
Will a loan of $500 be sufficient?
sufficient evidence/time/funds/etc. to:
It was thought that he’d committed the crime but there wasn’t sufficient evidence to convict him.
Did you have sufficient time to do the work?
to have eaten enough:
“Would you like some more stew?” “No thanks, I’ve had sufficient.”
adv: sufficiently:
McGeechan has not recovered sufficiently to play in the semifinal tomorrow.
I was sufficiently close to hear what they were saying.

Question 16

corridor

Answer 16

noun: 1. راهرو/سرسرا
Her office is at the end of the corridor.
He could hear the clack of high heels walking past in the corridor.
There’s a connecting corridor between the buildings.
We crept slowly along the darkened corridor.
Her office is down the corridor on the right.
2. a long piece of one country’s land that goes through another country:
نواره/مسیر باریک
the Polish corridor
3. a long, narrow region between two or more large cities, or an area along a busy road:
نواره/مسیر باریک
the Boston to Washington corridor
the Route 28 corridor

Question 17

consume

Answer 17

verb:
Most of their manufactured products are consumed domestically.
The software consumes huge amounts of internet bandwidth.
Most people in rich countries consume more protein than they need.
to have so much of a feeling that it affects everything you do:
He was consumed with/by jealousy.
noun: consumption:
We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road.
As a nation, our consumption of junk food is horrifying.
The meat was clearly unfit for human consumption.
These products are not for national consumption, but for export.
This memo is for internal consumption only.
noun: consumer:
The new rates will affect all consumers, including businesses.
The extra costs of production will be passed on to the consumer.
The French rank among the world’s most discriminating consumers of chocolate.

Question 18

vertically

Answer 18

adj:
Cut the pepper in half vertically and remove the seeds.
The spacecraft will climb vertically, reaching the speed of sound in 10 seconds.
Many plants will continue to grow vertically unless they are stopped.

Question 19

drastically

Answer 19

adj: drastic:
(of a change) severe and sudden; extreme:
In the desert there’s a drastic change in temperature from day to night.
He is not under pressure from his own electorate to do anything drastic.
The company is taking drastic action to reduce its debt by $14.3 billion.
a drastic decline/drop/reduction in sth
adv: drastically:
Their budget has been drastically reduced.
Our communication environment has changed drastically in the last 10 years.
Our lives changed drastically when dad died and we had to move.

Question 20

toll

Answer 20

noun:
تلفات
عوارض ( هم مربوط به مشکلات جسمی و هم هزینه های اتوبان و جاده )
Tolls are now collected electronically on most motorways.
Is Bayonne a toll call(= a more expensive phone call) from New York?
Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands.
They’re raising the bridge toll to $5.00.
If something takes its/a toll, it causes suffering, deaths, or damage:
The problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and there are shadows under her eyes.
The deepening recession has also taken its toll in the south of the country, where unemployment is rife.
verb:
اگر فعل باشد: به معنی به صدا درآوردن زنگ، ناقوس مرگ را به صدا دراوردن
In the distance, a church bell tolled the hour (= showed the time by ringing).
The town hall bell tolled at noon.