18 Flashcards
biodegradable
**adj: زیست تخریب پذیر **
Biodegradable packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful chemicals released into the atmosphere.
verb: biodegrade:
Some plastics are designed to biodegrade when their useful life is over.
noun: biodegradation
As expected, biodegradation was fastest at higher temperatures.
concede
verb: to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true:
[ + (that) ] The government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been a disaster.
[ + speech ] “Well okay, perhaps I was a little hard on her,” he conceded.
to admit that you have lost in a competition:
He kept on arguing and wouldn’t concede defeat.
She conceded even before all the votes had been counted.
to allow someone to have something, even if you do not want to:
The president is not expected to concede these reforms.
He is not willing to concede any of his power/authority.
concede a goal/point: to fail to stop an opposing team or person from winning a point or game:
The team conceded two goals (to the other side) in the first five minutes of the game.
concise
adj: short and clear, expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words:
Make your answers clear and concise.
She wrote up a concise summary of the day’s events.
noun: conciseness: the quality of being short and clear, and expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words:
The letters were edited for clarity and conciseness.
noun: concision: the fact of expressing what needs to be said without using unnecessary words:
She writes with great efficiency and concision.
The whole essay is a model of concision.
adv: concisely:
The information was presented clearly and concisely.
conclusive
adj: قطعی proving that something is true, or ending any doubt:
They had conclusive evidence/proof of her guilt.
However, corresponding proportions for one-child families are smaller and less conclusive.
adv: conclusively: without any doubt:
It is impossible to demonstrate/prove conclusively that the factory is responsible for the pollution.
Polls conclusively show public support for the bill.
adj: از این ریشه نیستconclusory: consisting of or relating to a conclusion or assertion for which no supporting evidence is offered:
The court rejected this assertion as a conclusory statement.
The witness’s statement is conclusory and not supported by any facts.
conducive
adj: موجب شونده، سودمند
Such a noisy environment was not conducive to a good night’s sleep.
A quiet room is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.
verb: conduce: to help make a particular situation happen or help produce a particular result:
the belief that technological progress conduces to human happiness
configuration
noun: 1. هیئت، ترتیب، پیکر بندی،وضعیت یا موقعیت
We tried the furniture in different configurations to see which fit best.
The two-lane configuration of the road leads to congestion.
2. a situation in which small changes are made to something, especially a computer system or software:
Automatic configuration copies this file automatically. If it is not present, manual configuration will be necessary.
verb: configure:
1. The marines used specially configured submarines.
2. I configured my laptop to start up from the CD-ROM drive rather than the hard drive.
confine
verb: to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way:
Let’s confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
Please confine your use of the phone to business calls.
to keep someone closed in a place, often by force:
The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn’t cope with the outside world.
**be confined to somewhere/something: **
to exist only in a particular area or group of people:
We know that the illness is not confined to any one group in society.
adj: confined:
You can’t keep kids in a confined space for long.
noun: confinement: the situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere, usually by force:
She spent most of those years under house arrest or close confinement.
congeal
verb: to change from a liquid or soft state to a thick or solid state:
The blood had congealed in thick black clots.
adj: congealed:
congealed fat
congealed blood
congregate
verb: to come together in a large group of people or animals:
A crowd congregated around City Hall.
noun: congregation: a group of people who have come together in a religious building for worship and prayer:
The priest asked the congregation to kneel.
adv: congregational
The visit’s purpose may be to participate in congregational worship.
consecutive
adj: Consecutive events, numbers, etc. follow one after another without an interruption:
This is the fifth consecutive weekend that I’ve spent working.
We’ve had five consecutive days of rain.
adv: consecutively:
Tickets are numbered consecutively.
He got 18 months for each offence to run consecutively - three years in all.
consensus
noun: اجماع، رضایت و موافقت عمومی a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people:
The general consensus in the office is that he can’t do his job.
Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let’s take a vote.
There is a growing consensus on the need for the country to train more doctors.
consensual: with the willing agreement of all the people involved:
The woman alleged rape, but Reeves insisted it was consensual.
consensual sex
adv: consensually:
she admitted that she took part in the programme consensually.
consequence
noun: a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient:
serious consequencesNot making a will can have serious consequences for you.
dire consequences Eating too much processed food can have dire health consequences.
as a consequence of Scientists think it is unlikely that any species will actually become extinct as a consequence of the oil spill.
unintended consequence The discovery came about as an unintended consequence of a search for something else.
suffer the consequences Well, if you insist on eating so much, you’ll have to suffer (= accept and deal with) the consequences!
face the consequences He will have to face the consequences of his actions.
take the consequences If someone commits a crime, they have to take the consequences.
of little/no consequence (also not of any/much consequence): not important:
The money was of little consequence to Tony.
adj: consequent: happening as a result of something:
Our use of harmful chemicals and the consequent damage to the environment is a very serious matter.
Stock values declined, with consequent financial losses.
adv: consequential:
We need to act now to avoid a recession and the consequential damage that would follow.
Analysts noted that the closure of the factory would produce a consequential reliance on imported goods.
cumulative vs accumulative
adj: cumulative: increasing by one addition after another:
cumulative effect The cumulative effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous.
The company estimated the net cumulative loss would be $26 million.
verb: cumulate; to collect a large amount of something over a period of time by gradually adding more:
The system has the ability to cumulate data over a number of years.
to gradually increase by combining with other things over a period of time:
These small delays can cumulate and become a problem.
adv: cumulatively: in a way that increases by one addition after another:
Average home prices will rise only 4 percent cumulatively over the next two years.
Accumulative refers to the process of gradually increasing or gathering together small amounts to make a larger total. It emphasizes the action of adding up. On the other hand, cumulative focuses on the result of this process, highlighting the total sum that comes from these additions over a period.
conspicuous
/kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/
adj: انگشت نما، توی چشم زننده، چشمگیر، آشکار
In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous.
He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room.
He was conspicuous as usual with a big yellow bow tie.
adv: conspicuously: in a way that is conspicuous (= noticeable):
The temple’s grand white arches rose conspicuously over the dirty decaying city.
Ms Andrews was conspicuously absent from the event.
noun: conspicuousness: the quality of being noticeable or easy to see:
For the cyclist, conspicuousness is of paramount importance.
Several butterflies practise a clever combination of camouflage and conspicuousness.
constellation
صورت فلکی
a group of famous or admired people all together in one place:
At our annual ceremony we had a whole constellation of movie stars and directors.
