16 Flashcards
anomaly
noun: a person or thing that is different from what is usual, or not in agreement with something else and therefore not satisfactory:
Statistical anomalies can make it difficult to compare economic data from one year to the next.
The anomaly of the social security system is that you sometimes have more money without a job.\
adj: anomalous:
The experiment yielded anomalous results.
adv: anamolously:
It is anomalously warm for February in Boston.
Oil prices seem anomalously low.
antagonist
noun: adversary/opponent: a person who is strongly opposed to something or someone:
The antagonists in this dispute are quite unwilling to compromise.
He sued several of his antagonists for libel.
noun: antagonism: hate, extreme unfriendliness, or active opposition to someone:
There’s a history of antagonism between the two teams.
the antagonism towards neighbouring states
verb: antagonize: to make someone dislike you or feel opposed to you:
It’s a very delicate situation and I’ve no wish to antagonize him.
antiseptic
noun: a chemical used for preventing infection in an injury, especially by killing bacteria:
Antiseptic is used to sterilize the skin before giving an injection.
adj: 1. completely free from infection:
In the 1870s and 1880s, doctors began to follow the principles of antiseptic surgery.
2. too clean and showing no imagination and character:
There’s an antiseptic feeling to the new town centre, with its covered shopping mall.
antithesis
noun: 1. the exact opposite:
She is slim and shy - the very antithesis of her sister.
He is the exact antithesis of what I find attractive in men.
2. a difference or opposition between two things:
Thanks to the collapse of communism the political antithesis between Left and Right is less important.
antitheses: plural of antithesis
antler
شاخ گوزن:
a pair of antlers
apparatus
noun: 1. a set of equipment or tools or a machine that is used for a particular purpose:
a piece of apparatus
The garage had an apparatus to lift cars up.
2. an organization or system, especially a political one:
The whole apparatus of communism was already falling apart.
arduous
adj: difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy:
an arduous climb/task/journey
In those days, a trip to the West was an arduous journey.
noun: arduousness:
The article describes the arduousness of restaurant work.
The arduousness of archaeologyrequires determination and passion.
adv: arduously:
He worked arduously to improve his physical condition.
arid
adj: 1. very dry and without enough rain for plants:
The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there.
2. unsuccessful:
After several arid years, the company has started to become successful.
3. not interesting and showing no imagination:
I found his writing extremely arid.
noun: aridity:
the aridity of much of the Australian interior
assimilate
verb: وفق دادن، تلفیق کردن، جز وجود خود کردن، جذب بدن کردن، شبیه ساختن
The European Union should remain flexible enough to assimilate more countries quickly.
You shouldn’t expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately.
It’s hard to assimilate so much information.
In this form vitamins can be easily assimilated by the body.
noun: assimilation:
The assimilation of ethnic Germans in the US was accelerated by the two world wars.
Poor assimilation of vitamins and nutrients can cause health problems.
advent
noun: ظهور
Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.
adj: adventitous: not expected or planned:
an adventitious event/situation
Their actions are more adventitious and unpredictable; they perceive and act under uncertainty.
adv: adventitously:
A crowd of 5000 people turned adventitiously into an angry mob.
noun: adventure:
They went on an adventure hunting for treasure in the western hills.
She had some exciting adventures in Egypt.
Sam won’t come - he’s got no sense of adventure (= he does not enjoy dangerous or exciting situations).
aggravate
verb: to make a bad situation worse:
Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion.
to make a disease worse:
The treatment only aggravated the condition.
to annoy someone:
Stop aggravating me, will you!
adj: aggravating: annoying:
I find him really aggravating.
making something worse, such as a crime:
Aggravating factors can affect the sentence set by the court.
noun: aggravation: تشدید، بدتر شدن، trouble or difficulty:
I’ve been getting a lot of aggravation at work recently.
I’d complain to the manager but it’s not worth the aggravation.
albeit
although:
The evening was very pleasant, albeit a little quiet.
He tried, albeit without success.
The nation is adapting, albeit slowly, to the new global economy.
alleged
verb: allege: (معمولا بدون مدرک و اثبات) اظهار کردن، مدعی شدنT دلیل اوردن،
The two men allege (that) the police forced them to make false confessions.
She is alleged to have been at the centre of an international drug ring.
to state that something bad is a fact without giving proof:
School districts are alleging the state has not continued to finance schools adequately.
adj: بقول معروف، بنابگفتهء بعضی، متهم، مورد ادعا
It took 15 years for the alleged criminals (= people thought to be criminals) to prove their innocence.
They were in the house when the alleged crime took place.
He is being hunted by police for his alleged involvement in several murders.
adv: allegedly: used when something illegal or wrong is said to have been done, but has not been proved:
That’s where he allegedly killed his wife.
used when something is said to be true but has not been proved:
It’s a collection of recipes which allegedly can be prepared in 30 minutes.
noun: allegation: a statement, made without giving proof, that someone has done something wrong or illegal:
Several of her patients have made allegations of professional misconduct about/against her.
[ + that ] Allegations that Mr Dwight was receiving money from known criminals have caused a scandal.
allocation
noun: تخصیص، توزیع، تعیین
Allocation of the grants was handled by a charity.
The university is offering moving allocations to anyone who is being displaced from properties it acquires.
The allocation of space in this office is unusual.
verb: allocate:
The government is allocating £10 million for health education.
As project leader, you will have to allocate people jobs/allocate jobs to people.
We need to allocate capital and resources more effectively.
allude to
to mention someone or something without talking about him, her, or it directly:
She mentioned some trouble that she’d had at home and I guessed she was alluding to her son.
He alluded to problems with the new computers.
allusion: something that is said or written that is intended to make you think of a particular thing or person:
The film is full of allusions to Hitchcock.
Her novels are packed with literary allusions.
a brief or indirect reference:
He made some allusion to the years they lived apart.
