13 Flashcards
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extinction
noun:
The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred millions of years ago.
Many species of plants and animals are in danger of extinction.
adj: extinct:
There is concern that the giant panda will soon become extinct.
deteriorated
verb: to become worse:
She was taken into hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated.
The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.
noun: deterioration:
We’ve seen a deterioration in relations between the countries.
When we arrived, we were appalled at her deterioration.
fairly
adv: 1. more than average, but less than very:
She’s fairly tall.
2. If you do something fairly, you do it in a way that is right and reasonable and treats people equally:
He claimed that he hadn’t been treated fairly by his employers.
Officials will ensure that the election is carried out fairly.
adj: fair:
Why should I have to do all the cleaning? It’s not fair!
It’s not fair on Joe to make him do all the work!
It’s not fair that she’s allowed to go and I’m not!
It’s not fair to blame me for everything!
He offered to do all the cleaning if I did all the cooking, which seemed like a fair deal.
it’s fair to say: it is true to say:
I think it’s fair to say (that) you’ve done less of the work than I have.
to be fair: He’s done the job badly but, to be fair, I gave him very little time to do it.
fair enough:
“I’m just annoyed with him because he’s behaved so badly.” “Fair enough.”
a fair hearing: an opportunity to explain something or give your opinions, without other people trying to influence the situation:
He didn’t think that he got a fair hearing in court.
fair and square: in an honest way and without any doubt:
We won the match fair and square.
(of skin) pale, or (of hair) pale yellow or gold:
My sister has dark hair but my brother’s fair (= he has fair hair).
All my family are fair-skinned.
quite large:
We’ve had a fair amount of rain this week.
We’ve had a fair number of applicants.
neither very good nor very bad:
Films are rated on a scale of poor, fair, good and excellent.
I was fair at science but it was never my thing.
(of an idea, guess, or chance) good, but not excellent:
fair idea I think I’ve got a fair idea of (= I understand reasonably well) what you want.
She’s got a fair chance of winning (= there is a reasonable chance that she will win).
compass
/ˈkʌm.pəs/
1. قطب نما
2. محدوده:
It’s a musical instrument made of brass, somewhat like a cornet and with a similar compass.
The discussion went beyond the compass of my brain.
Such ideas were beyond the compass of his imagination.
press
verb:
1. Press the button to start the machine.
He pressed his face against the window.
2. to make clothes smooth by ironing them:
I’ll just press these trousers.
3. to try hard to persuade someone to do something:
The committee pressed him to reveal more information.
He’s pressing me for an answer.
Can I press you further on (= persuade you to say more about) this issue?
noun: the judgment that is given of someone or something in the newspapers or on radio or television:
What kind of press did his play get?
The play has had a good/bad press.
the press:
The incident has been widely reported in the press.
Freedom of the press must be upheld.
wind/winder
to turn or cause something to turn:
She wound the handle but nothing happened.
Once she was in the car, she wound the window down/up (= caused it to open/close by turning a handle).
If a road, path, or river winds, it follows a route that turns repeatedly in different directions:
The river winds through the valley.
to wrap something around an object several times or twist it repeatedly around itself:
wind something around something She wound a scarf around her neck.
A winding story or series of events is complicated and involves many changes:
The TV series featured a winding, complex story line.
noun: winder: a key or handle for winding a clock
anticipation
noun: پیش بینی، انتظار، آینده نگری، ذوق برای اتفاق اینده
As with most pleasures, it’s not so much the experience itself as the anticipation that is enjoyable.
The postponement of the film’s sequel has held cinemagoers in eager anticipation for several months.
The city was filled with anticipation in the weeks before the festival.
in anticipation (of): in preparation for something happening:
She’s even decorated the spare room in anticipation of your visit.
We stood on the platform in anticipation, only to be told that the train was cancelled.
verb:
We had one or two difficulties along the way that we didn’t anticipate.
Are you anticipating a lot of people at the party tonight?
They anticipate having several applicants for the job.
They anticipate that they will have several applicants for the job
[ + question word ] At this stage we can’t really anticipate what will happen.
intensified
verb: intensify:
Fighting around the capital has intensified in the last few hours.
He intensified his training, running 45 miles a week.
noun: intensification:
Home sales could be threatened by the sudden intensification of the financial crisis last month.
The raid was the latest intensification in the use of force.
stimulate
verb: بر انگیختن، تحریک کردن، انگیختن، تهییج کردن
Tax cuts will stimulate the economy.
Read books to stimulate your child’s imagination.
The drugs stimulate the damaged tissue into repairing itself.
Standing on your head is supposed to stimulate hair growth.
Good teachers should ask questions that stimulate students to think.
adj: stimulating:
If something is stimulating, it encourages new ideas:
A stimulating person makes you feel enthusiastic and full of ideas:
Erotic images are often more sexually stimulating to men than to women.
The conversation was stimulating, witty, and learned.
Aerobics is one of the most stimulating forms of exercise.
The classes look attractive and stimulating.
a really stimulating teacher
noun: stimulation:
While she was at home looking after her children, she felt deprived of intellectual stimulation.
marital
adj: connected with marriage:
They’ve been having marital problems, apparently.
A change in marital status also has a positive and significant effect.
adv: maritally:
It is clear that friendships are often maintained well into later life, especially by people who are maritally unattached.
His performance as the maritally troubled salesman is one of his best ever.
disrupt
Disrupt is when something is interfered with or otherwise broken, pulled apart, and will not be the same as before. Interrupt is when something is stopped, and then restarted without damage
verb:
Heavy snow disrupted travel into the city this morning.
The meeting was disrupted by a group of protesters.
to change the traditional way that an industry operates, especially in a new and effective way:
Dell Inc. disrupted the traditional way of selling computers by switching to the internet.
noun: disruption:
His teacher described him as a noisy, disruptive influence in class.
Strikes threaten more disruptions for the tourist industry.
The teacher said disruptive behavior would not be tolerated.
adv: disruptively:
He was sent out of the classroom for behaving disruptively.
The technology delivered a high-definition multimedia virtual desktop at a disruptively low cost.
gland
غده
The glands in my neck are a little bit swollen.
diminish
to reduce or be reduced in size or importance:
I don’t want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.
These memories will not be diminished by time.
What he did has seriously diminished him in many people’s eyes.
exploit
verb: 1. to use something in a way that helps you:
We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.
2. to use someone or something unfairly for your own advantage:
Laws exist to stop companies exploiting their employees.
noun: a brave, interesting, or unusual act:
He is not content to limit himself to his exploits on the basketball court.
She was telling me about her exploits while travelling around Africa.
swap
verb: to give something and be given something else instead:
When you’ve finished reading your book, and I’ve finished mine, can we swap?
We swapped addresses with the people we met on holiday.
When he got a job in a bank, he had to swap his jeans and T-shirt for a suit.
We spent the evening swapping stories/jokes.
noun: an exchange, or something that is going to be or has been exchanged:
I thought Sam’s lunch looked better than mine, so we did a swap.
UK This comic is a swap (= something that was exchanged) that I got from Nick.
