44 - Bowl Elimination

Question 1

Stomach

Answer 1

secretes HCL, has a mucus protective layer, prodices gastrin and ghrelin (hormones that impact digestion/growth)

Question 2

Small Intestine

Answer 2

duodenum (add in enzymes to break down food)

jejunum (most of the carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed)

ilium (water, vitamins, fats are absorbed)

Question 3

Constipation

Answer 3

a symptom, can cause abdominal pain/distention. They dry up after sitting in colon too long

Question 4

Impaction

Answer 4

when constipation has gone on too long. Feces just builds up. Can lead to overflow incontinence (oozing around the mass)

Question 5

Diarrhea

Answer 5

increase in number of stools per day, liquid and unformed. At risk for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 6

Incontinence

Answer 6

inability to control the passage of feces. Can be constipated then sudden incontinence

Question 7

Flatulence

Answer 7

production/passing of gas. Avg is 50-500mL of gas per day

Question 8

Hemorrhoids

Answer 8

management is meticulous cleaning after bowl movments

when the veins or blood vessels in and around your anus and lower rectum become swollen and irritated. This happens when there is extra pressure on these veins

Question 9

Cathartics and laxatives

Answer 9

cathartic is a substance that accelerates defecation.
– stimulate formed/unformed stool
Laxitives: Bulk forming, emollient or wetting, saline, stimulant carthartics, lubricants
Magnesim Dukcikax are common

Question 10

Electrolyte balance and antidiarrheal agents

Answer 10

electrolyte elimination/ medications to stop diahreea. Diarehha can cause significant elctolyte imbalnce

Question 11

Rectal suppositories

Answer 11

solid bullet shaped preparations that melt in your hand, designed for easy rectal insertion that stimulate defecation

Question 12

Enemas

Answer 12

inserting liquid or gas into the rectum made to expel feces. Promote defecation by stimulating peristalsis
Types: cleansing, tap water, normal saline, hypertonic solutions, soapsuds, oil-retention, other types

Question 13

Digital disimpaction

Answer 13

is the use of fingers to aid in the removal of stool from the rectum.

• monitor vitals for an hour after
• NB due to the stimulation of the vagas nerve

Question 14

Stoma

Answer 14

temporary or permanent artificial opening in the abdominal wall

Question 15

Ileostomy

Answer 15

surgical opening in the ileum

Question 16

Colostomy

Answer 16

surgical opening in the colon

Question 17

Loop colostomy

Answer 17

done in emergency and are temporary
• a stoma in which the entire loop of colon is exteriorized and both the proximal limb and the distal limb open into the common stoma opening and are not transected.

This type of colostomy is usually used in emergencies and is a temporary and large stoma. A loop of the bowel is pulled out onto the abdomen and held in place with an external device. The bowel is then sutured to the abdomen and two openings are created in the one stoma: one for stool and the other for mucus.

Question 18

End colostomy

Answer 18

the end is sewn up and left in the abdominal cavity

Question 19

Double-barrel colostomy

Answer 19

the bowl is surgically severed and the 2 ends are brought out into the abdomen

The double-barrelled l transverse colostomy involves the creation of two separate stomas on the abdominal wall, by dividing the bowel completely. The proximal (nearest) stoma is the functional end which is still connected to the gastrointestinal tract and will therefore drain stool.

The bowel is severed and both ends are brought out onto the abdomen. Only the proximal stoma is functioning. Most often, double-barrel colostomy is a temporary colostomy with two openings into the colon (distal and proximal). The elimination occurs through the proximal stoma.

Question 20

Knock continent ileostomy

Answer 20

small intestine is used to create a pouch

Question 21

NG Tube: decompression

Answer 21

removal of secretions and gaseous substances from the GI tract to prevent/relieve abdominal distention

Question 22

NG Tube: enteral feeding

Answer 22

installation of a liquid nutria supplement or feeding into the stomach for patients unable to swallow food

Question 23

NG Tube: compression

Answer 23

internal application of pressure by means of an inflated ballon to prevent internal esophageal or GI hemorrhage

Question 24

NG Tube: lavage

Answer 24

irrigation of the stomach in cases of active bleeding, poisoning or gastric dilation