42. Nutrition

Question 1

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 1

is NRG requirement of a person at rest

Question 2

Resting energy expenditure (REE)

Answer 2

is measurement of BMR + Nrg needed to diregt meals and perform mild activity

Question 3

Nutrient density

Answer 3

proportion of esessial nutrients to numer of caloires in food

Question 4

Nutrients

+ what gives NRG and which does not

Answer 4

elements supplied by food that are necessary for body process
Provide NRG: carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats
No NRG provided: Water, Vitamins, minerals

Question 5

Functional foods

Answer 5

have biologically active ingredients with added health benifits (ie. probiotics)

Question 6

Organic foods

Answer 6

grown without use of synthetic agents

Question 7

Genetically modified foods

Answer 7

have undergone genetic change

Question 8

Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Saccharides, simple or complex, insoluble or soluble, glycemic index (rapid relase glucose foods higher on index)
Main source of NRG in our diet

Question 9

Proteins

Answer 9

Essential and nonessential amino acids, complementary proteins, nitrogen balance
Essential for tissue growth/maitence/repair.

Question 10

Fats

Answer 10

Triglycerides, fatty acids, saturated or unsaturated, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, cholesterol
Most calorie dense nutrients.

Question 11

Water

Answer 11

Cells depend on a fluid environment, body temperature, solvent for nutirents/waste

Question 12

Vitamins

Answer 12

Essential to metabolism, antioxidant, fat-soluble (stored in body A,D,E,K), water-soluble (don’t stay in body and must be provided by food)

Question 13

Minerals

Answer 13

Catalysts for biochemical reactions, macrominerals, microminerals

Question 14

Dysphagia

Answer 14

difficulty swallowing

Question 15

Aspiration

Answer 15

food enters lungs. when something you swallow “goes down the wrong way” and enters your airway or lungs.

Question 16

Dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

Answer 16

with respece to age, sex, pregnancy, and lactation. Amount of nutrients, vitamins and menerals needs to avoid deficiencies or toxicities

Question 17

Anthropometry

Answer 17

study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.

Question 18

Body Mass Index

Answer 18

measures wiught corrected for height. BMI rates fats/muscle are bone equally

Question 19

NPO

Answer 19

nothing by mouth

Question 20

Parenteral Nutrition

Answer 20

medical term for infusing a specialized form of food through a vein (intravenously)