31 - Pain

Question 1

Nociceptive pain

Answer 1

caused by tissue injury aching or throbbing, somatic or visceral

Question 2

Neuropathic pain

Answer 2

is caused directly by lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system

Caused by lesion or disease affecting somatosensory nervous system

Results from damage to nerve pathway

Caused by direct nerve trauma, infections, metabolic problems; may be drug induced

Question 3

Nociception

Answer 3

describes how noxious stimuli are typically perceived as pain

Question 4

Acute pain

Answer 4

Identifiable cause
Predictable ending and short duration

a sudden, sharp pain that lasts less than 6 months. Acute pain acts as a warning to your body that it is unsafe and its health has been compromised.

Question 5

Chronic pain

Answer 5

Persistent or intermittent
May not have identifiable cause

ongoing and usually lasts longer than six months. This type of pain can continue even after the injury or illness that caused it has healed or gone away.

Question 6

Cancer pain ‘malignant’

Answer 6

Can be acute or chronic

May be due to disease or treatment

Question 7

Breakthrough pain

Answer 7

Occasional, transitory exacerbations of baseline pain
Incident pain
Idiopathic pain (pain of unknown origi)

evere pain that comes on suddenly in people who are taking medicines that usually keep their pain under control. It “breaks through” the pain relief that a person has been getting from taking medicines for persistent or chronic pain.

Question 8

Idiopathic pain

Answer 8

is also called pain of unknown origin. This is the term healthcare providers use for chronic (long-term) pain, lasting 6 months or longer, that has no identifiable cause.

Question 9

Incident pain

Answer 9

Pain occurring as a direct and immediate consequence of a movement or activity

Incident pain is a subtype of breakthrough pain that occurs as the result of normal voluntary or involuntary movement but does not typically occur at rest. Incident pain often occurs predictably in response to identified triggers. Consequently, it may be possible to provide prophylactic pain control for these episodes

Question 10

Nonpharmacological interventions

Answer 10

Manage pain by changing pain perceptions alterning pain behaviour and providing a greater sence of control to the individual

Question 11

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nonopioids (tylanol):

Answer 11

bring pain relef through reducing inflammation

Question 12

Opioids

Answer 12

come in variety of strengths, ex. Codine (commonly prescribed but not effective in everyone). Monitor for respiratory depression

Question 13

Adjuvants/co-analgesics

Answer 13

meds developed for something else but have been found to work for pain management

Question 14

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA):

Answer 14

gives patient control over med via a pump. This dose is still limited on a timer, ie can give a dose every 6min

Question 15

Topical analgesic and anaesthetics

Answer 15

cream put on skin about 30-60min before procedure

Question 16

Local anaesthetics and analgesics

Answer 16

blocks sensation to certain area/body part before a procedure. Stiches/tooth pull

Question 17

regional anaesthetics

Answer 17

Regional anesthesia is the use of local anesthetics to block sensations of pain from a large area of the body, such as an arm or leg or the abdomen

must be done by a sugeon or anestisiaologies, ie. Epiderals, Nerve blocks, spinal anestisia

Question 18

Physical dependence

Answer 18

state of adaption that is manifested by a class-specific frug withdrawl syndrome that can be produced by abruspt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug, or administration of an antagonist. it’s not the same as addiction

Question 19

Addiction

Answer 19

neurobiological disease that’s genetic, psychsocial and environmental. Factors influencing its development and manifestations.

Characterized by behaviours that include one or more of the following:
> impaired control over drug use
> continued use despite harm
> craving

Question 20

Drug tolerance

Answer 20

state of adaption in which exposure ot a drug indices changes that result in a diminution of one or more of the drugs effects over time. Not the same as addiciton

Question 21

Pseudoaddiction

Answer 21

patient drug-seeking behaviours that may occur when pain is undertreated.

Question 22

Placebos

Answer 22

unethical in the relief of pain since it’s only psychological