31 - Pain Flashcards
Nociceptive pain
caused by tissue injury aching or throbbing, somatic or visceral
Neuropathic pain
is caused directly by lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system
Caused by lesion or disease affecting somatosensory nervous system
Results from damage to nerve pathway
Caused by direct nerve trauma, infections, metabolic problems; may be drug induced
Nociception
describes how noxious stimuli are typically perceived as pain
Acute pain
Identifiable cause
Predictable ending and short duration
a sudden, sharp pain that lasts less than 6 months. Acute pain acts as a warning to your body that it is unsafe and its health has been compromised.
Chronic pain
Persistent or intermittent
May not have identifiable cause
ongoing and usually lasts longer than six months. This type of pain can continue even after the injury or illness that caused it has healed or gone away.
Cancer pain ‘malignant’
Can be acute or chronic
May be due to disease or treatment
Breakthrough pain
Occasional, transitory exacerbations of baseline pain
Incident pain
Idiopathic pain (pain of unknown origi)
evere pain that comes on suddenly in people who are taking medicines that usually keep their pain under control. It “breaks through” the pain relief that a person has been getting from taking medicines for persistent or chronic pain.
Idiopathic pain
is also called pain of unknown origin. This is the term healthcare providers use for chronic (long-term) pain, lasting 6 months or longer, that has no identifiable cause.
Incident pain
Pain occurring as a direct and immediate consequence of a movement or activity
Incident pain is a subtype of breakthrough pain that occurs as the result of normal voluntary or involuntary movement but does not typically occur at rest. Incident pain often occurs predictably in response to identified triggers. Consequently, it may be possible to provide prophylactic pain control for these episodes
Nonpharmacological interventions
Manage pain by changing pain perceptions alterning pain behaviour and providing a greater sence of control to the individual
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nonopioids (tylanol):
bring pain relef through reducing inflammation
Opioids
come in variety of strengths, ex. Codine (commonly prescribed but not effective in everyone). Monitor for respiratory depression
Adjuvants/co-analgesics
meds developed for something else but have been found to work for pain management
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA):
gives patient control over med via a pump. This dose is still limited on a timer, ie can give a dose every 6min
Topical analgesic and anaesthetics
cream put on skin about 30-60min before procedure
Local anaesthetics and analgesics
blocks sensation to certain area/body part before a procedure. Stiches/tooth pull
regional anaesthetics
Regional anesthesia is the use of local anesthetics to block sensations of pain from a large area of the body, such as an arm or leg or the abdomen
must be done by a sugeon or anestisiaologies, ie. Epiderals, Nerve blocks, spinal anestisia
Physical dependence
state of adaption that is manifested by a class-specific frug withdrawl syndrome that can be produced by abruspt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug, or administration of an antagonist. it’s not the same as addiction
Addiction
neurobiological disease that’s genetic, psychsocial and environmental. Factors influencing its development and manifestations.
Characterized by behaviours that include one or more of the following:
> impaired control over drug use
> continued use despite harm
> craving
Drug tolerance
state of adaption in which exposure ot a drug indices changes that result in a diminution of one or more of the drugs effects over time. Not the same as addiciton
Pseudoaddiction
patient drug-seeking behaviours that may occur when pain is undertreated.
Placebos
unethical in the relief of pain since it’s only psychological
