30 - Vital Signs Flashcards
Normal Range: Temp
36-38ºC
Average oral or tympanic: 37ºC
Average rectal: 37.5ºC
Average axillary: 36.5ºC
Normal Range: Respiratory Rate
10-20 breaths per min
Normal Range: Pulse Pressure
30-50 beats per min
Normal Range: SP02
over 95%
Normal Range: Pulse
60-100
Normal Range: Systolic Blood Pressure
120-139mmHG
Normal Range: Diastolic Blood Pressure
80-89mmHG
Thermoregulation
balance of heat loss/production
Radiation
heat transfers from surface of one object to another without contact
Conduction
transfer of heat from one object to another via touch
Convection
transfer of heat away from body by air movement
Evaporation
transfer of heat when liquid changes to gas
Diaphoresis
visible perspiration (sweating, especially to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug.)
Fever (pyrexia)
occurs because mechanism for heat loss can’t keep up with excess temp
Pyrogens
fever causing agent (phases: chill phase, plateau, pygrogen removed)
Febrile
- body temperaturegreaterthan 38.0 °C 24 h before or after the seizures
afebrile
group was defined as those having a body temperature less than 38.0 °C 24 h before and after the seizures.
Hyperthermia
body temp that’s elevated due to bods inability to promote heat loss (overload of bod thermoregulation mehanisms)
Malignant hyperthermia
due to exposure to anestetics, Body starts attacking itself
Heatstroke
prolonged exposure to sun, this is extreme and people likely die. Its not a touch of heatstroke.
Heat exhaustion
occurs when theres acute diaryarises causing eloctolyte loss
Hypothermia
heat loss due to prolonged exposure to cold (determined by CORE temp check, not surface )
Frostbite
ice crystals form inside tissue cells
Antipyretics
medications that reduces fever (acetomenophine)
The pulse
the bounding of arterial blood flow that is palpable at various points on the body.
Tachacardia
increased heart rate more than 100 b/min
Brachacardia
decrease heart rate less than 60 beats/min
Pulse deficite
is (apical – radial) pulse
dysrhythmia
abnormality is psychological rhythm
Hypoxemia
low levels of arterial O2. This stimulates the patient to breathe
Cardiac output
increase with increase in heart rate/muscle contraction/blood volume
volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute
Peripheral resistance
blood vessels constrict and dilate. Smaller diameter of vessel the higher the resistance the higher the pressure
Viscosity
thickness of blood, impacted by hematocrit
Hypertension
BP greater than 140/90 mm Hg More common than hypotension Thickening of walls Loss of elasticity Family history Risk factors
Hypotension
Systolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg Dilation of arteries Loss of blood volume Decrease of blood flow to vital organs Orthostatic / postural
Ortostatic Hypotension
normal person get syptoms of hypotension when rising NEED TO KNOW. Drops bp during movement, could get dizzy/fall. People who are anemic or on meds can get this. You can check this by getting bp measurement while sitting, standing and lying. Faiting weakness/lightheadedness