4 - Europe, Cold War And Decolonisation Flashcards
How did many people feel about Britain’s ties?
They should be closer with Europe
What does EEC stand for? When was it founded?
European Economic Community
1957
How was West Germany’s economy growing in the EEC? How did they compare to Britain?
It grew 5% from 51-64
Britain only grew half as much
What was Britain’s interest in the EEC originally like? What group were they involved in at the time?
Little
EFTA
What does EFTA stand for? What are 2 examples of countries that use it?
European Free Trade Association
Norway and Austria
By what time did Britain change its mind on joining the EEC? Who vetoed this?
Late 50s
French President Gaulle
What did French leader Gaulle fear about Britain? What did he not want to see?
Commitment to Europe was too weak
Special trade agreements
What is an example of a special trade agreement made by Britain?
Commonwealth
When did Gaulle veto Britain again regarding joining the EEC? What did he fear?
1965
They were too close to the US
What did Egypt leader Nasser resent about the Suez Canal? What did it bring little of to Egypt?
It was largely owned by British and French households
Wealth
What year did Nasser nationalise the Canal?
1956
Which 2 countries made an agreement? What was the agreement?
France and Britain
They would invade the Canal Zone
Where did France and Britain want Israel to invade? Where was their agreement made?
Egypt
Sèvres
Why did Britain, France and Israel want to invade the Suez Canal? Which 2 countries opposed this agreement?
To keep the waterway open for profit
US and USSR
What did the US threaten Britain with if they invaded the Suez Canal? What happened after this threat?
Withdrawing of loans
British troops were withdrawn
Which PM resigned as a result of the Suez Crisis? What did this show about Britain in the world?
Eden
Their reduced role
What did de Gauille criticise in the 1961 application for the EEC? What is it?
Polaris
US nuclear weapon system
What did Britain insist on its nuclear system? What would this never be large enough for?
Its own deterrent
A strong influence
What was Britain’s overwhelming dilemma in the 1950s? What did Britain lack?
It sought to maintain a global influence
Resources
What event did Britain’s lack of resources become evident in? What did Britain want?
Cold War
Its own nuclear deterrent
How much was Britain spending of its GDP on defence?
8%
What organisation was Britain firmly tied to? What does it stand for?
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Who else was Britain firmly tied to? What event did the UK become heavily involved in?
US
Korean War
What did Macmillan act as a mediator to? What was he trying to emphasise?
Superpowers
The “special relationship” between Britain and the US
What Crisis did Macmillan support the US through? When did the event take place?
Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
What did the post-war period see the demise of? What was granted?
Britain’s overseas empire
Independence to the former colonies
What 2 countries did wars take place as a result of decolonisation? Where was there considerable unrest?
Malaya and Kenya
Cyprus
Which country was the first to become independent? What year?
Ghana
1957
What year were most colonies independent?
1968
What speech did Macmillan acknowledge the death of colonialism? What year did this speech take place and where?
“Winds of Change”
1960, South Africa
Where did the “Winds of Change” speech resonate in? What type of government declared independence?
Rhodesia
White supremacy
