12 - Immigration And Racial Tensions

Question 1

What continuity led to racial tensions in the 1960s?

Answer 1

Continuing immigration

Question 2

What constituency used racism in a 1964 campaign?

Answer 2

Smethwick, West Midlands

Question 3

Who faced discrimination and violence from the New Commonwealth? What was meant to prevent this?

Answer 3

Immigrants

Legislation

Question 4

Why did racial violence become worse in 1968? What former colony did this take place at?

Answer 4

Asian expulsion

Kenya

Question 5

How many Kenyan Asians were arriving monthly in Britain in spring 1968?

Answer 5

2,000

Question 6

What were Kenyan Asians known for? Despite this, what were people like upon their arrival in Britain?

Answer 6

Hard-working and entrepreneurial attitudes

Hostile

Question 7

Who addressed hostile attitudes over Kenyan Asians? How did he address the issues?

Answer 7

Callaghan

1968 Commonwealth Immigration Act

Question 8

What rules did the 1968 Commonwealth Immigration Act tighten?

Answer 8

Immigration rules

Question 9

At what age were children of migrants denied British entry? What would happen if only one parent was living in Britain?

Answer 9

17

Denial of entry

Question 10

What did entrants have to prove under the Commonwealth Immigration Act?

Answer 10

Parents were living in Britain

Question 11

What did critics believe about the Commonwealth Immigration Act? What percent of people supported the Act?

Answer 11

It was divisive and unfair

72%

Question 12

Under the new Act, how many people immigrated to Britain under the New Commonwealth? How many people were left adrift?

Answer 12

1,500

200,000

Question 13

What did continuous immigration lead to in Britain?

Answer 13

A “white backlash”

Question 14

Who made the famous “Rivers of Blood” speech? When was it made?

Answer 14

Shadow Defence Secretary Enoch Powell

April 1968

Question 15

What did Powell believe would tackle a potential race war?

Answer 15

Sending immigrants back home

Question 16

What did Powell believe that mass immigration and anti-racist laws meant? What did he believe multi-culturalism would cause?

Answer 16

Immigrants had more rights

Segregation

Question 17

What did Powell believe the government should offer to non-white people?

Answer 17

Grants to go back home

Question 18

Who did Powell’s speech quickly resonate with? How many Londoners marched in support?

Answer 18

White people

1,000

Question 19

Why did Powell receive thousands of letters after his speech? What percent of people supported his ideas?

Answer 19

Support

70%

Question 20

What was ironic about the government tightening immigration?

Answer 20

They outlawed racial discrimination

Question 21

What 2 things did the Race Relations Acts of 1965 and 1968 outlaw?

Answer 21

Racial discrimination

Incitements of hatred

Question 22

What Board was set up to investigate racial discriminations? What Commission was set up to promote understanding and tolerance?

Answer 22

Race Relations Board

Community Relations Commission

Question 23

When was Roy Jenkins Home Secretary? What was he an advocate for?

Answer 23

1965-67

Multi-culturalism

Question 24

What 2 things did Jenkins want to celebrate about multi-culturalism?

Answer 24

Diversity and equality

Question 25

Who favoured Jenkins’ view on multi-culturalism? Why did some people oppose?

Answer 25

Liberals

They felt threatened by foreigners

Question 26

What did Powell argue in his “Rivers of Blood” speech about the New Commonwealth?

Answer 26

“In 15 or 20 years time the black man will have the whip hand over the white one”

Question 27

What did Callaghan positively argue about the Commonwealth Immigration Act?

Answer 27

“It will establish equality of treatment in housing and jobs”