28 - Europe, The Balkans And The End Of The Cold War Flashcards
What did issues on Europe focus on? What would be implicated?
Closer relations with member states
National sovereignty
What could’ve potentially been created with Europe? What did the Maastricht Treaty begin the process of?
United States of Europe
Closer European union
Who did the issue of Europe split from the Major years and beyond?
Conservative Party
When was the Maastricht Treaty created? Who supported it?
1992
Major
Why did many of Major’s supporters oppose the Maastricht Treaty? What facility did the treaty intend to create?
Loss of national sovereignty
European Central Bank
What 2 common policies were envisaged in the Maastricht Treaty?
Foreign policy
Defence policy
What did Eurosceptics become over the Maastricht Treaty? When did they vote against the Treaty’s implication in Government?
Euro rebels
July 1993
When were the Maastricht proposals forced through Parliament? What did the rebels call for on the proposals?
October 1993
A referendum
How did the government respond to referendum calls on Maastricht? What did Major call in 1995, due to his own incense?
They refused
Leadership election
Who won the 1995 Tory leadership election? What did he hope to reassert?
Major
His authority
How many people voted for John Redwood in the 1995 Tory leadership contest? How many people abstained?
89
22
What did Redwood’s popularity show doubts about? How did it impact Major’s authority?
Major’s leadership
It undermined his authority
Whose directives were ridiculed in the 1990s? What regulations are an example of this?
EU
Regulations on the curvature of bananas
Who didn’t support all EU developments? What clause did he negotiate?
Major
Opt-out clause
What Chapter did Major not opt-in to? What were 3 concepts of the Chapter?
Social Chapter
Workers’ rights protection
Good working conditions
Fair pay rates
What were the Eurosceptics less interested in? What did they want to leave?
Detail
EU
What position did the Eurosceptic movement leave Major’s government in?
Seriously weakened position
What 2 conflicts was John Major involved in? What was this period dominated by despite this?
1991 Gulf War
1995 Bosnia intervention
EU issues
What Arab state did Britain quickly and successfully liberate? Who illegally annexed it?
Kuwait
Saddam Hussein’s Iraq
How many British troops helped liberate Kuwait? Who still remained in power even after this?
45,000
Hussein
What did Yugoslavia descend into following the collapse of communism in the 1990s? What group carried out a policy of genocide against Muslim Bosnians?
Civil war
Christian Bosnian Serbs
What state supported the genocidal actions of the Christian Bosnian Serbs?
Serbia
When did Britain reluctantly become involved in air strikes against Serbian forces? What did the air strikes bring Serbia to?
1995
The negotiating table
Which country became independent during the Balkans intervention? Whose problems were still not over?
Bosnia
Yugoslavia
What Agreement did Britain sign in December 1995? What did this briefly stop in Yugoslavia?
Dayton Peace Agreement
Conflict
