4

Question 1

Reinforcement

Answer 1

the occurrence of a particular behavior is followed by an immediate consequence that results in the strengthening of the behavior

Question 2

the occurrence of a particular behavior is followed by an immediate consequence that results in the strengthening of the behavior

Answer 2

reinforcement

Question 3

How do you know if a behavior is being strengthened?

Answer 3

change in frequency, duration, intensity and/or latency

Question 4

positive reinforcement

Answer 4

addition of a stimulus to increase a behavior

Question 5

addition of a stimulus to increase a behavior

Answer 5

positive reinforcement

Question 6

negative reinforcement

Answer 6

removal of a stimulus to increase a behavior

Question 7

removal of a stimulus to increase a behavior

Answer 7

negative reinforcement

Question 8

social reinforcement

Answer 8

reinforcing consequences occur through the actions of another person

Question 9

reinforcing consequences occur through the actions of another person

Answer 9

social reinforcement

Question 10

automatic reinforcement

Answer 10

behavior produces a reinforcing consequence through direct contact with the physical environment

Question 11

behavior produces a reinforcing consequence through direct contact with the physical environment

Answer 11

automatic reinforcement

Question 12

Premack Principle

Answer 12

engaging in a high-probability behavior as a consequence for a low probability behavior to increase the low probability behavior

i.e. kid must finish homework before playing outside

Question 13

engaging in a high-probability behavior as a consequence for a low probability behavior to increase the low probability behavior

i.e. kid must finish homework before playing outside

Answer 13

Premack Principle

Question 14

escape

Answer 14

occurrence of behavior results in termination of an aversive stimulus that was already present when the behavior occurred

Question 15

occurrence of behavior results in termination of an aversive stimulus that was already present when the behavior occurred

Answer 15

escape

Question 16

avoidance

Answer 16

occurrence of behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from occuring

Question 17

occurrence of behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from occuring

Answer 17

avoidance

Question 18

unconditioned reinforcers

Answer 18

a stimulus that is naturally reinforcing

Question 19

a stimulus that is naturally reinforcing

Answer 19

unconditioned reinforcers

Question 20

conditioned reinforcers

Answer 20

a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcers and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.

Question 21

a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcers and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.

Answer 21

conditioned reinforcers

Question 22

What are the four factors that influence effectiveness of reinforcement?

Answer 22

immediacy
contingency
individual differences in what is a reinforcer
magnitude of reinforcer

Question 23

establishing operation EO

Answer 23

makes a reinforcer more potent

ex: not having eaten makes food more reinforcing

Question 24

makes a reinforcer more potent

Answer 24

establishing operation EO

Question 25

deprivation

Answer 25

part of EO, decreased access to reinforcers

Question 26

part of EO, decreased access to reinforcers

Answer 26

deprivation

Question 27

abolishing operation AO

Answer 27

makes a reinforcer less potent

ex: having eaten a big meal makes food less reinforcing

Question 28

makes a reinforcer less potent

Answer 28

abolishing operation AO

Question 29

satiation

Answer 29

increased access to rienforcer AO

Question 30

increased access to rienforcer AO

Answer 30

satiation

Question 31

continuous reinforcement schedule CRF

Answer 31

a schedule of reinforcement in which each instance of the behavior is followed by the reinforcer

Question 32

a schedule of reinforcement in which each instance of the behavior is followed by the reinforcer

Answer 32

continuous reinforcement schedule CRF

Question 33

Intermittent reinforcement schedule

Answer 33

responses are occasionally reinforced

fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-interval

Question 34

responses are occasionally reinforced

Answer 34

intermittent reinforcement schedule

fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-interval

Question 35

fixed ratio

Answer 35

fixed number of responses must occur before reinforce is delivered

Question 36

fixed number of responses must occur before reinforce is delivered

Answer 36

fixed ratio

Question 37

variable ratio

Answer 37

number of responses needed varies around an average number

high, steady rates of responses

Question 38

number of responses needed varies around an average number

Answer 38

variable ratio

high, steady rates of responses

Question 39

fixed interval

Answer 39

response reinforced only after an interval of time has passed, number of responses doesn’t matter

Question 40

response reinforced only after an interval of time has passed, number of responses doesn’t matter

Answer 40

fixed interval

Question 41

variable interval

Answer 41

each time interval is a different length

behavior occurs at a steady rate because it’s variable

Question 42

each time interval is a different length

Answer 42

variable interval

behavior occurs at a steady rate because it’s variable