4 Flashcards
Reinforcement
the occurrence of a particular behavior is followed by an immediate consequence that results in the strengthening of the behavior
the occurrence of a particular behavior is followed by an immediate consequence that results in the strengthening of the behavior
reinforcement
How do you know if a behavior is being strengthened?
change in frequency, duration, intensity and/or latency
positive reinforcement
addition of a stimulus to increase a behavior
addition of a stimulus to increase a behavior
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
removal of a stimulus to increase a behavior
removal of a stimulus to increase a behavior
negative reinforcement
social reinforcement
reinforcing consequences occur through the actions of another person
reinforcing consequences occur through the actions of another person
social reinforcement
automatic reinforcement
behavior produces a reinforcing consequence through direct contact with the physical environment
behavior produces a reinforcing consequence through direct contact with the physical environment
automatic reinforcement
Premack Principle
engaging in a high-probability behavior as a consequence for a low probability behavior to increase the low probability behavior
i.e. kid must finish homework before playing outside
engaging in a high-probability behavior as a consequence for a low probability behavior to increase the low probability behavior
i.e. kid must finish homework before playing outside
Premack Principle
escape
occurrence of behavior results in termination of an aversive stimulus that was already present when the behavior occurred
occurrence of behavior results in termination of an aversive stimulus that was already present when the behavior occurred
escape
avoidance
occurrence of behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from occuring
occurrence of behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from occuring
avoidance
unconditioned reinforcers
a stimulus that is naturally reinforcing
a stimulus that is naturally reinforcing
unconditioned reinforcers
conditioned reinforcers
a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcers and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.
a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcers and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.
conditioned reinforcers
What are the four factors that influence effectiveness of reinforcement?
immediacy
contingency
individual differences in what is a reinforcer
magnitude of reinforcer
establishing operation EO
makes a reinforcer more potent
ex: not having eaten makes food more reinforcing
makes a reinforcer more potent
establishing operation EO
deprivation
part of EO, decreased access to reinforcers
part of EO, decreased access to reinforcers
deprivation
abolishing operation AO
makes a reinforcer less potent
ex: having eaten a big meal makes food less reinforcing
makes a reinforcer less potent
abolishing operation AO
satiation
increased access to rienforcer AO
increased access to rienforcer AO
satiation
continuous reinforcement schedule CRF
a schedule of reinforcement in which each instance of the behavior is followed by the reinforcer
a schedule of reinforcement in which each instance of the behavior is followed by the reinforcer
continuous reinforcement schedule CRF
Intermittent reinforcement schedule
responses are occasionally reinforced
fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-interval
responses are occasionally reinforced
intermittent reinforcement schedule
fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-interval
fixed ratio
fixed number of responses must occur before reinforce is delivered
fixed number of responses must occur before reinforce is delivered
fixed ratio
variable ratio
number of responses needed varies around an average number
high, steady rates of responses
number of responses needed varies around an average number
variable ratio
high, steady rates of responses
fixed interval
response reinforced only after an interval of time has passed, number of responses doesn’t matter
response reinforced only after an interval of time has passed, number of responses doesn’t matter
fixed interval
variable interval
each time interval is a different length
behavior occurs at a steady rate because it’s variable
each time interval is a different length
variable interval
behavior occurs at a steady rate because it’s variable
