法律英语随身听 4 法律程序 Flashcards
- 法律程序
Legal Procedure
(1)美国法律制度的运作采用对抗辩论式诉讼制度。
The American legal system operates under what is known as adversary system.
对抗辩论式诉讼制度
adversary system
采用
operates under
(2)诉讼过程由法官控制,法官从理论上讲是不偏不倚的,而且往往是被动的,法官负责根据程序规定引导诉讼,并就出现的法律问题做出裁决。
Under the system, the proceeding is presided over by a theoretically unbiased and essentially passive judge, who is responsible for guiding the proceeding according to certain procedural rules and for making decisions on questions of laws that arise.
不偏不倚的
unbiased
essentially
[ɪˈsenʃəli]
adv. 本质上; 根本上; 基本上
[例句]It’s been believed for centuries that great writers, composers and scientists are essentially quite different from ordinary people
几个世纪以来人们一直相信伟大的作家、作曲家和科学家从根本上就与普通人大不相同。
preside over sb. /sth.
- To supervise and have authority over someone or something; 监督某人或某事;对某人或某事掌权
- to control how someone or something operates.
控制某人或某事的运作
e. g. The head of the department will preside over the faculty meeting.主持会议
e. g. It just felt like our relationship with Mike fell apart after he got that promotion and began presiding over our team. 掌权
引导诉讼
guide the proceeding
根据程序规定
according to certain procedural rules
就出现的法律问题
on questions of laws that arise
法律问题
questions of laws
做出裁决
make decision
诉讼过程
proceeding
3.1 起诉和答辩
Complaint and Answer
(1)民事诉讼通常是由被称作原告的一方当事人向法院提交起诉书开始的,起诉书中要说明法院对该案件具有管辖权的法律依据及原告的诉讼请求。
A civil action is normally initiated by filing with the court a complaint, where one party known as plaintiff sets out the basis for the court’s jurisdiction over the matter and the essential claims the plaintiff has against the defendant.
民事诉讼
civil action
通常
normally
由。。。开始
is initiated by….
向法院提交起诉书
file with the court a complaint
被称作原告的一方当事人
one party known as plaintiff
说明
set out
法院对该案件具有管辖权的法律依据
the basis for the court’s jurisdiction over the matter
法院对该案件有管辖权
the court has jurisdiction over the matter
原告的诉讼请求
the essential claims the plaintiff has against the defendant
(2)被告只有在收到法院发出的传票(通常附有一份起诉书)以后才有义务回答。
The defendant needs not respond until he/she receives a summons (usually accompanied by a copy of the complaint) issued by the court.
收到传票
receive a summons
法院发出的传票
a summons issued by a court
附有
accompanied by
一份起诉书
a copy of the complaint
(3)提交起诉书以及送达传票标志着诉讼的开始。
Filing of a complaint and serving of a summons commences the proceeding.
提交起诉书
Filing of a complaint
送达传票
serving of a summons
诉讼
proceeding
(4)被告收到传票后,必须在指定时间内向法院递交答辩状。
While properly served with the summons the defendant must file an answer to the complaint within the stated time.
收到传票后
while properly served with the summons
while
conj. 在…期间; 当…的时候; 与…同时; (对比两件事物) …而,…然而;
n. 一段时间; 一会儿;
v. 消磨; 轻松地度过;
[例句]They were grinning and watching while one man laughed and poured beer over the head of another
当一个男人大笑着把啤酒倒在另一个人头上时,他们都在乐呵呵地看着。
[其他] 第三人称单数:whiles 复数:whiles 现在分词:whiling 过去式:whiled 过去分词:whiled
向法院递交答辩状
file an answer to the complaint
在指定时间内
within the stated time
(5)被告在答辩状中会试图证明原告陈述的事实以及指控被告的法律责任是错误的。
In the answer the defendant shall seek to prove that the plaintiff is mistaken as to what happened factually and/or as to the defendant’s legal liability.
在答辩状中
In the answer
会试图证明
shall seek to prove
原告陈述的事实是错误的
plaintiff is mistaken as to what happened factually
原告指控被告的法律责任是错误的
plaintiff is mistaken as to the defendant’s legal liability
陈述的事实
what happened factually
被告的法律责任
the defendant’s legal liability
(6)答辩中应对起诉书中所陈述的事实部分作出承认或否认。
The answer must include admissions or denials of the factual allegations of the complaint.
承认
admit/admission
否认
deny/denial
allegation
[ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn]
n. (无证据的) 说法,指控;
[例句]The company has denied the allegations.
公司否认了这些指控。
[其他] 复数:allegations
所指控的事实部分
factual allegations