38b. English to Latin

Question 1

5. My friend who defended the consul was himself a very famous man.

Answer 1

5. Amīcus meus quī cōnsulem dēfendit ipse erat vir clārissimus.

Question 2

6. But there was no one who would defend that base fellow.

Answer 2

6. At nēmō erat quī istum hominem turpem dēfenderet.

Question 3

6a. In 5 the quī … dēfendit states a fact about the amīcus; it does not describe his character. In 6 the subjunctive clause tells what kind of person the imagined nēmō might be.

Answer 3

6a. Analyze each sentence and explain how they are different in force: 5. Amīcus meus quī cōnsulem dēfendit ipse erat vir clārissimus. 6. At nēmō erat quī istum hominem turpem dēfenderet.

Question 4

7. What is there which men fear more than a tyrant?

Answer 4

7. Quid est quod virī plūs metuant quam tyrannum?

Question 5

7a. metunat = pres. subj.; characteristic.

Answer 5

7a Quid est quod virī plūs metuant quam tyrannum? Explain the syntax of metuant.

Question 6

8. Who is there who would hesitate between liberty and the command of a tyrant?

Answer 6

8. Quis est quī inter libertātem et imperium tyrannī dubitet?

Question 7

8a. dubitet = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.

Answer 7

8a. Quis est quī inter libertātem et imperium tyrannī dubitet? Explain the syntax of dubitet

Question 8

9. At ancient Rome there were those who loved money more than the state.

Answer 8

9. Rōmae antīquae erant quī pecūniam plūs quam rem pūblicam amārent.

Question 9

9a. (a) Rōmae = locative; place where; (b) amārent = impf. subjunct.: characteristic.

Answer 9

9a. Rōmae antīquae erant quī pecūniam plūs quam rem pūblicam amārent. Explain the syntax of (a) Rōmae (b) amārent

Question 10

10. Let that evil man depart from his country—he who has endured the hatred of all citizens.

Answer 10

10. Abeat ā patriā iste homō malus quī odium omnium cīvium bonōrum passus est.

Question 11

10a. (a) abeat = pres. subjunct.; jussive; (b) passus est = perf. indic., relative clause of fact.

Answer 11

10a Abeat ā patriā iste homō malus quī odium omnium cīvium bonōrum passus est. Explain the syntax of (a) abeat (b) passus est.

Question 12

11. Catiline, who had made such a great plot against the state, was driven from the city by Cicero.

Answer 12

11. Catilīna (= Catiline), quī tantās īnsidiās contrā rem pūblicam fēcerat, ex urbe ā Cicerōne expulsus est.

Question 13

11a. fēcerat = pluperf. indic.; relative clause of fact.

Answer 13

11a Catilīna (= Catiline), quī tantās īnsidiās contrā rem pūblicam fēcerat, ex urbe ā Cicerōne expulsus est. Explain the syntax of fēcerat.

Question 14

12. What life can be pleasant for that leader as he goes off into exile?

Answer 14

12. Istī ducī in exsilium abeuntī quae vīta potest esse iūcunda?

Question 15

12a (a) ducī = dative of reference; (b) potest = pres. indic.; main verb in a direct question.

Answer 15

12a Istī ducī in exsilium abeuntī quae vīta potest esse iūcunda? Explain the syntax of (a) ducī (b) potest.

Question 16

13. Who is there who would be able to bear such pain?

Answer 16

13. Quis est quī tantum dolōrem ferre possit?

Question 17

13a possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.

Answer 17

13a Quis est quī tantum dolōrem ferre possit? Explain the syntax of possit.

Question 18

14. If a person is not agreeable and good, he will not live a truly happy life, it seems to me.

Answer 18

14. Nisi quis iūcundus bonusque erit, vītam vērē fēlīcem mihi nōn vīvet.

Question 19

14a. (a) erit = fut. indic; simple future condition; (b) mihi = dative of reference.

Answer 19

14a Nisi quis iūcundus bonusque erit, vītam vērē fēlīcem mihi nōn vīvet. Explain the syntax of (a) erit (b) mihi.

Question 20

15. They will not trust a consul who would do base deeds

Answer 20

15. Cōnsulī nōn crēdent quī opera turpia faciat.

Question 21

15a. cōnsulī = dative with special verbs.

Answer 21

15a Cōnsulī nōn crēdent quī opera turpia faciat. Explain the syntax of Cōnsulī.

Question 22

16. Do not trust a man who is harsh to his friends.

Answer 22

16. Nōlī crēdere eī quī sit acerbus amīcīs.

Question 23

16a. amīcīs = dative with special verbs.

Answer 23

16a Nōlī crēdere eī quī sit acerbus amīcīs. Explain the syntax of amīcīs

Question 24

17. Cicero was a consul who would place the state before his own safety.

Answer 24

17. Cicerō erat cōnsul quī rem pūblicam salūtī suae antepōneret.

Question 25

17a. (a) salūtī = dative with a compound verb. (b) antepōneret = impf. subjunct.; characteristic

Answer 25

17a Cicerō erat cōnsul quī rem pūblicam salūtī suae antepōneret. Explain the syntax of (a) salūtī (b) antepōneret.

Question 26

18. They knew why we wanted to follow such a brave consul.

Answer 26

18. Scīvērunt quārē cōnsulem tam fortem sequī vellēmus.

Question 27

18a. vellēmus = impf. subjunct.; indirect question

Answer 27

18a Scīvērunt quārē cōnsulem tam fortem sequī vellēmus. Explain the syntax of vellēmus.

Question 28

19. I know nothing which could be easier for me.

Answer 28

19. Nihil sciō quod mihi facilius esse possit.

Question 29

19a. (a) mihi = dative of reference; (b) possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic

Answer 29

19a Nihil sciō quod mihi facilius esse possit. Explain the syntax of (a) mihi (b) possit.

Question 30

20. I am seeking a leader whom all men would praise.

Answer 30

20. Ducem quaerō quem omnēs laudent.

Question 31

21. They were going to Rome to ask for freedom.

Answer 31

21. Rōmam ībant rogātum lībertātem.

Question 32

21a. rogātum = acc. supine; purpose.

Answer 32

21a Rōmam ībant rogātum lībertātem. Explain the syntax of rogātum

Question 33

22. The Romans, who had captured ten Greek republics with their own armies, were themselve—amazing to say—taken captive by the Greek arts!

Answer 33

22. Rōmānī, quī decem rēs pūblicās Graecās exercitibus suīs cēperant, ipsī—mīrābile dictū—Graecīs artibus captī sunt!

Question 34

22a. (a) cēperant = pluperf. indic.; rel. clause of fact; (b) dictū = abl. supine; respect

Answer 34

22a Rōmānī, quī decem rēs pūblicās Graecās exercitibus suīs cēperant, ipsī—mīrābile dictū—Graecīs artibus captī sunt! Explain the syntax of (a) cēperant (b) dictū.

Question 35

23. For the ancient men there was nothing which was better than courage and wisdom.

Answer 35

23. Virīs antīquīs nihil erat quod melius esset quam virtūs et sapientia.

Question 36

23a virīs = dative of reference

Answer 36

23a Virīs antīquīs nihil erat quod melius esset quam virtūs et sapientia. Explain the syntax of virīs.

Question 37

24. Nothing is to feared which cannot injure the soul.

Answer 37

24. Nihil metuendum est quod animō nocēre nōn possit.

Question 38

24a animō = (a) dative with special verbs; (b) possit = pres. subjunct.; characteristic.

Answer 38

24a Nihil metuendum est quod animō nocēre nōn possit. Explain the syntax of (a) animō (b) possit.