36a. Latin to English Flashcards
- We have already learned how the Romans expressed indirect statements and indirect questions. After a verb having the connotation of command, how did the Romans express an indirect command?
- Indirect command = ut (nē) + subjunctive.
- List some common Latin verbs that can take an indirect command.
- imperō, dīcō, cūrō, moneō, hortor, persuādeō, petō, quaerō, ōrō, rogō
3.1 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīet.
3.1 it will be made/ done; he will become
3.2 Label if subjunctive or translate: fit.
3.2 it is made /done; he becomes
3.3 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīat.
3.3 pres. subjunct., 3 sg.
3.4 Label if subjunctive or translate: fieret.
3.4 imperf. subjunct., 3 sg.
3.5 Label if subjunctive or translate: fierī.
3.5 to be made / done; to become
3.6 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīunt.
3.6 they are made / done; they become
3.7 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīēbant.
3.7 they were being made / done; they were becoming
3.8 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīēs.
3.8 you (sg.) will be made, will become
3.9 Label if subjunctive or translate: factus esse.
3.9 to have been made / done, to have become
3.10 Label if subjunctive or translate: fierent.
3.10 imperf. subjunct., 3. pl.
3.11 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīmus.
3.11 we are made, become
3.12 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīent.
3.12 they will be made, become
3.13 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīs.
3.13 you (sg.) are made, become
3.14 Label if subjunctive or translate: fierem
3.14 imperf. subjunct., 1 sg.
3.15 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīant.
3.15 pres. subjunct., 3 pl.
3.16 Label if subjunctive or translate: faciendus.
3.16 to be made / done (gerundive)
3.17 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīāmus.
3.17 pres. subjunct., 1 pl.
- Dīxit eōs litterīs Latīnīs studēre.
- He said that they were studying Latin literature.
4a Dīxit eōs litterīs Latīnīs studēre. Explain the syntax of studēre.
4a studēre = pres. inf.; indirect statement
- Dīxit cūr litterīs Latīnīs studērent.
- He told why they were studying Latin literature.
5a. Dīxit cūr litterīs Latīnīs studērent. Explain the syntax of studērent.
5a. studērent = imperf. subjunct.; indirect question.
- Dīxit ut litterīs Latīnīs studērent.
- He said that they should study Latin literature (he told them to study …)
- Ab eīs quaesīvimus cūr philosophiae Graecae studērent.
- We asked them why they were studying Greek philosophy.
7a. Ab eīs quaesīvimus cūr philosophiae Graecae studērent. Explain the syntax of studērent.
7a. studērent = imperf. subjunct.; jussive noun clause.
- Quaerisne ut nātūram omnium rērum cognōscāmus?
- Do you ask that we learn (= do you ask us to learn) the nature of all things?
8a. Quaerisne ut nātūram omnium rērum cognōscāmus? Explain the syntax of cognōscāmus.
8a. cognōscāmus = pres. subjunct.; jussive noun clause.
- Tē moneō ut hīs sapientibus parcās.
- I warn you to spare these wise men.
9a. Tē moneō ut hīs sapientibus parcās. Explain the syntax of parcās.
9a. parcās = pres. subjunct.; jussive noun clause.
- Mīlitēs monuit nē eīs pācem petentibus nocērent.
- He warned the soldiers not to injure those seeking peace.
10a. Mīlitēs monuit nē eīs pācem petentibus nocērent. Explain the syntax of (a) eīs (b) pācem.
10a. (a) eīs = dative; with special verbs (b) pācem = accusative; object of petentibus.
- Nōbīs imperābit nē hostibus crēdāmus.
- He will command us not to trust the enemy.
11a. Nōbīs imperābit nē hostibus crēdāmus. Explain the syntax of hostibus.
11a. hostibus = dative; with special verbs.
- Tibi imperāvit ut ducī pārērēs.
- He commanded you to obey the leader.
- Tē rogō cūr hoc fēcerīs.
- I ask you why you did this.
13a. Tē rogō cūr hoc fēcerīs. Explain the syntax of fēcerīs.
13a. fēcerīs = perf. subjuct.; indirect question
- Tē rogō ut hoc faciās.
- I ask you to do this.
14a. Tē rogō ut hoc faciās. Explain the syntax of faciās.
14a. faciās = pres. subjunct.; jussive noun clause
- Ā tē petō ut pāx fīat.
- I beg of you that peace be made.
- Ā mē petēbant nē bellum facerem.
- They kept begging me not make war.
16a. Ā mē petēbant nē bellum facerem. Explain the syntax of facerem.
16a. facerem = imperf. subjunct.; jussive noun clause
- Eum ōrāvī nē rēgī turpī pārēret.
- I begged him not to obey the disgraceful king.
- Vōs ōrāmus ut discipulī ācerrimī fīatis.
- We beg you to become very keen pupils.
18a Vōs ōrāmus ut discipulī ācerrimī fīatis. Explain the syntax of fīatis.
18a fīatis = pres. subjunct.; jussive noun clause
- Nōlī esse similis istī tyrannō dūrō.
- Do not be like that harsh tyrant.
- Caesar cūrāvit ut imperium suum maximum in cīvitāte fieret.
- Caesar took care that his power be made greatest in the state.
- Ōrātor nōs hortātus est ut līberae patriae nostrae cum studiō servīrēmus.
- The speaker urged us to serve our free country eagerly.
- Nōbīs persuasit ut aequīs lēgibus semper ūterēmur.
- He persuaded us that we should always use just laws.
22a Nōbīs persuasit ut aequīs lēgibus semper ūterēmur. Explain the syntax of lēgibus.
22a lēgibus = ablative; with special deponent verbs
- Cōnāmur ducī persuādēre nē artibus et lēgibus patriae noceat.
- We are trying to persuade the leader not to harm the arts and laws of the country.
23a Cōnāmur ducī persuādēre nē artibus et lēgibus patriae noceat. Explain the syntax of lēgibus.
23a lēgibus = dative with special verbs
- Tyrannus imperat ut pecūnia fīat; et pecūnia fit.
- A tyrant commands that money be made; and money is made.
24b. At ille stultus nōn sentit hanc pecūniam sine bonā fīde futūram esse nihil.
24b. But that fool does not perceive that this money will be nothing without good faith.
24c At ille stultus nōn sentit hanc pecūniam sine bonā fīde futūram esse nihil. Explain the syntax of futūram esse.
24c futūram esse = future infinitive; indirect statement
- Plūrēs quidem discipulōs hortēmur ut linguae Latīnae studeant.
- Let us urge more students certainly to study the Latin language.
25a. Plūrēs quidem discipulōs hortēmur ut linguae Latīnae studeant. Explain the syntax of hortēmur.
25a. hortēmur = pres. subjunct.; jussive subjunctive
