36a. Latin to English

Question 1

1. We have already learned how the Romans expressed indirect statements and indirect questions. After a verb having the connotation of command, how did the Romans express an indirect command?

Answer 1

1. Indirect command = ut (nē) + subjunctive.

Question 2

2. List some common Latin verbs that can take an indirect command.

Answer 2

2. imperō, dīcō, cūrō, moneō, hortor, persuādeō, petō, quaerō, ōrō, rogō

Question 3

3.1 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīet.

Answer 3

3.1 it will be made/ done; he will become

Question 4

3.2 Label if subjunctive or translate: fit.

Answer 4

3.2 it is made /done; he becomes

Question 5

3.3 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīat.

Answer 5

3.3 pres. subjunct., 3 sg.

Question 6

3.4 Label if subjunctive or translate: fieret.

Answer 6

3.4 imperf. subjunct., 3 sg.

Question 7

3.5 Label if subjunctive or translate: fierī.

Answer 7

3.5 to be made / done; to become

Question 8

3.6 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīunt.

Answer 8

3.6 they are made / done; they become

Question 9

3.7 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīēbant.

Answer 9

3.7 they were being made / done; they were becoming

Question 10

3.8 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīēs.

Answer 10

3.8 you (sg.) will be made, will become

Question 11

3.9 Label if subjunctive or translate: factus esse.

Answer 11

3.9 to have been made / done, to have become

Question 12

3.10 Label if subjunctive or translate: fierent.

Answer 12

3.10 imperf. subjunct., 3. pl.

Question 13

3.11 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīmus.

Answer 13

3.11 we are made, become

Question 14

3.12 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīent.

Answer 14

3.12 they will be made, become

Question 15

3.13 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīs.

Answer 15

3.13 you (sg.) are made, become

Question 16

3.14 Label if subjunctive or translate: fierem

Answer 16

3.14 imperf. subjunct., 1 sg.

Question 17

3.15 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīant.

Answer 17

3.15 pres. subjunct., 3 pl.

Question 18

3.16 Label if subjunctive or translate: faciendus.

Answer 18

3.16 to be made / done (gerundive)

Question 19

3.17 Label if subjunctive or translate: fīāmus.

Answer 19

3.17 pres. subjunct., 1 pl.

Question 20

4. Dīxit eōs litterīs Latīnīs studēre.

Answer 20

4. He said that they were studying Latin literature.

Question 21

4a Dīxit eōs litterīs Latīnīs studēre. Explain the syntax of studēre.

Answer 21

4a studēre = pres. inf.; indirect statement

Question 22

5. Dīxit cūr litterīs Latīnīs studērent.

Answer 22

5. He told why they were studying Latin literature.

Question 23

5a. Dīxit cūr litterīs Latīnīs studērent. Explain the syntax of studērent.

Answer 23

5a. studērent = imperf. subjunct.; indirect question.

Question 24

6. Dīxit ut litterīs Latīnīs studērent.

Answer 24

6. He said that they should study Latin literature (he told them to study …)

Question 25

7. Ab eīs quaesīvimus cūr philosophiae Graecae studērent.

Answer 25

7. We asked them why they were studying Greek philosophy.

Question 26

7a. Ab eīs quaesīvimus cūr philosophiae Graecae studērent. Explain the syntax of studērent.

Answer 26

7a. studērent = imperf. subjunct.; jussive noun clause.

Question 27

8. Quaerisne ut nātūram omnium rērum cognōscāmus?

Answer 27

8. Do you ask that we learn (= do you ask us to learn) the nature of all things?

Question 28

8a. Quaerisne ut nātūram omnium rērum cognōscāmus? Explain the syntax of cognōscāmus.

Answer 28

8a. cognōscāmus = pres. subjunct.; jussive noun clause.

Question 29

9. Tē moneō ut hīs sapientibus parcās.

Answer 29

9. I warn you to spare these wise men.

Question 30

9a. Tē moneō ut hīs sapientibus parcās. Explain the syntax of parcās.

Answer 30

9a. parcās = pres. subjunct.; jussive noun clause.

Question 31

10. Mīlitēs monuit nē eīs pācem petentibus nocērent.

Answer 31

10. He warned the soldiers not to injure those seeking peace.

Question 32

10a. Mīlitēs monuit nē eīs pācem petentibus nocērent. Explain the syntax of (a) eīs (b) pācem.

Answer 32

10a. (a) eīs = dative; with special verbs (b) pācem = accusative; object of petentibus.

Question 33

11. Nōbīs imperābit nē hostibus crēdāmus.

Answer 33

11. He will command us not to trust the enemy.

Question 34

11a. Nōbīs imperābit nē hostibus crēdāmus. Explain the syntax of hostibus.

Answer 34

11a. hostibus = dative; with special verbs.

Question 35

12. Tibi imperāvit ut ducī pārērēs.

Answer 35

12. He commanded you to obey the leader.

Question 36

13. Tē rogō cūr hoc fēcerīs.

Answer 36

13. I ask you why you did this.

Question 37

13a. Tē rogō cūr hoc fēcerīs. Explain the syntax of fēcerīs.

Answer 37

13a. fēcerīs = perf. subjuct.; indirect question

Question 38

14. Tē rogō ut hoc faciās.

Answer 38

14. I ask you to do this.

Question 39

14a. Tē rogō ut hoc faciās. Explain the syntax of faciās.

Answer 39

14a. faciās = pres. subjunct.; jussive noun clause

Question 40

15. Ā tē petō ut pāx fīat.

Answer 40

15. I beg of you that peace be made.

Question 41

16. Ā mē petēbant nē bellum facerem.

Answer 41

16. They kept begging me not make war.

Question 42

16a. Ā mē petēbant nē bellum facerem. Explain the syntax of facerem.

Answer 42

16a. facerem = imperf. subjunct.; jussive noun clause

Question 43

17. Eum ōrāvī nē rēgī turpī pārēret.

Answer 43

17. I begged him not to obey the disgraceful king.

Question 44

18. Vōs ōrāmus ut discipulī ācerrimī fīatis.

Answer 44

18. We beg you to become very keen pupils.

Question 45

18a Vōs ōrāmus ut discipulī ācerrimī fīatis. Explain the syntax of fīatis.

Answer 45

18a fīatis = pres. subjunct.; jussive noun clause

Question 46

19. Nōlī esse similis istī tyrannō dūrō.

Answer 46

19. Do not be like that harsh tyrant.

Question 47

20. Caesar cūrāvit ut imperium suum maximum in cīvitāte fieret.

Answer 47

20. Caesar took care that his power be made greatest in the state.

Question 48

21. Ōrātor nōs hortātus est ut līberae patriae nostrae cum studiō servīrēmus.

Answer 48

21. The speaker urged us to serve our free country eagerly.

Question 49

22. Nōbīs persuasit ut aequīs lēgibus semper ūterēmur.

Answer 49

22. He persuaded us that we should always use just laws.

Question 50

22a Nōbīs persuasit ut aequīs lēgibus semper ūterēmur. Explain the syntax of lēgibus.

Answer 50

22a lēgibus = ablative; with special deponent verbs

Question 51

23. Cōnāmur ducī persuādēre nē artibus et lēgibus patriae noceat.

Answer 51

23. We are trying to persuade the leader not to harm the arts and laws of the country.

Question 52

23a Cōnāmur ducī persuādēre nē artibus et lēgibus patriae noceat. Explain the syntax of lēgibus.

Answer 52

23a lēgibus = dative with special verbs

Question 53

24. Tyrannus imperat ut pecūnia fīat; et pecūnia fit.

Answer 53

24. A tyrant commands that money be made; and money is made.

Question 54

24b. At ille stultus nōn sentit hanc pecūniam sine bonā fīde futūram esse nihil.

Answer 54

24b. But that fool does not perceive that this money will be nothing without good faith.

Question 55

24c At ille stultus nōn sentit hanc pecūniam sine bonā fīde futūram esse nihil. Explain the syntax of futūram esse.

Answer 55

24c futūram esse = future infinitive; indirect statement

Question 56

25. Plūrēs quidem discipulōs hortēmur ut linguae Latīnae studeant.

Answer 56

25. Let us urge more students certainly to study the Latin language.

Question 57

25a. Plūrēs quidem discipulōs hortēmur ut linguae Latīnae studeant. Explain the syntax of hortēmur.

Answer 57

25a. hortēmur = pres. subjunct.; jussive subjunctive