3.3: The ageing population

Question 1

The UK, in common with other Western societies, has an ageing population.
What is an ageing population?

Answer 1

An ageing population is when the average age of the population is getting higher, with:

1. A greater proportion of the population middle-aged or older
2. A smaller proportion of young people

Question 2

Median age

Answer 2

Median age is the age at which:

1. Half the population is younger
2. Half the population is older

Question 3

From 1985 to 2010, what did the median age of the UK population do, according to the ONS in 2012

Answer 3

From 1985 to 2010, the median age of the UK population increased from approximately:
1. 35 years
to
2. 40 years
,according to the ONS in 2012

Question 4

From 1985 to 2010, the median age of the UK population increased from approximately 35 years to 40 years, according to the ONS in 2012.
What is predicted?

Answer 4

It is predicted that the median age of the UK population will increase to about 42 years by 2035

Question 5

Causes of an ageing population:

The ageing population has come about for how many main reasons?

Answer 5

The ageing population has come about for 2 main reasons:

1. Lower birth rates
2. Increased life expectancy

Question 6

Causes of an ageing population:
The ageing population has come about for 2 main reasons - Lower birth rates and increased life expectancy.
Lower birth rates:
What does this mean?

Answer 6

Lower birth rates means that fewer people are being born in the younger generations than in previous generations

Question 7

Causes of an ageing population:
The ageing population has come about for 2 main reasons - Lower birth rates and increased life expectancy.
Lower birth rates:
Lower birth rates means that fewer people are being born in the younger generations than in previous generations, reducing what?

Answer 7

Lower birth rates means that fewer people are being born in the younger generations than in previous generations, reducing the size of the youthful population

Question 8

Causes of an ageing population:
The ageing population has come about for 2 main reasons - Lower birth rates and increased life expectancy.
Increased life expectancy:
In 1951, what was life expectancy in the UK for men and for women?

Answer 8

In 1951, life expectancy in the UK was:

1. Approximately 66 years for men
2. Approximately 71 years for women

Question 9

Causes of an ageing population:
The ageing population has come about for 2 main reasons - Lower birth rates and increased life expectancy.
Increased life expectancy:
In 1951, life expectancy in the UK was approximately 66 years for men and approximately 71 years for women.
By 2010/2012, life expectancy in the UK had increased to what for men and what for women?

Answer 9

By 2010/2012, life expectancy in the UK had increased to:

1. Approximately 79 years for men
2. Approximately 83 years for women

Question 10

Causes of an ageing population:
The ageing population has come about for 2 main reasons - Lower birth rates and increased life expectancy.
Increased life expectancy:
In 1951, life expectancy in the UK was approximately 66 years for men and approximately 71 years for women.
By 2010/2012, life expectancy in the UK had increased to approximately 79 years for men and approximately 83 years for women.
As more people live into old age, the proportion of the population who are elderly is increasing.
Mortality rates at older ages have improved due to a combination of factors such as what?

Answer 10

Mortality rates at older ages have improved due to a combination of factors such as:

1. Improved medical treatments
2. Housing and living standards
3. Nutrition
4. Changes in the population’s smoking habits

Question 11

Disadvantages of an ageing population:

1. An increasing what ratio?

Answer 11

An increasing age dependency ratio

Question 12

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
What is this linked to?

Answer 12

This is linked to the demands on family members

Question 13

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
This is linked to the demands on family members.
Who have identified the emergence of a ‘sandwich’ generation family

Answer 13

Grundy and Henrietta have identified the emergence of a ‘sandwich’ generation family

Question 14

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
This is linked to the demands on family members.
Grundy and Henrietta have identified the emergence of a ‘sandwich’ generation family.
These are older middle aged people, especially women, who are burdened with the responsibility of caring for their parents or parents-in-law and also their own children, who may be what?

Answer 14

These are older middle aged people, especially women, who are burdened with the responsibility of caring for their parents or parents-in-law and also their own children, who:

1. May be adults
2. May be partially dependent on their parents and living with them

Question 15

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
This is linked to the demands on family members.
Grundy and Henrietta have identified the emergence of a ‘sandwich’ generation family.
These are older middle aged people, especially women, who are burdened with the responsibility of caring for their parents or parents-in-law and also their own children, who may be adults and may be partially dependent on their parents and living with them.
This could be argued to be a what perspective?

Answer 15

This could be argued to be a feminist perspective

Question 16

Disadvantages of an ageing population:

1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased what spending?

Answer 16

Increased public spending

Question 17

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
Not all elderly people are a financial drain on the working population, but older people, especially the very old, are much more likely to require what than younger people?

Answer 17

Not all elderly people are a financial drain on the working population, but older people, especially the very old, are much more likely to require:
1. Health services
2. Social services
than younger people

Question 18

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
Not all elderly people are a financial drain on the working population, but older people, especially the very old, are much more likely to require health services and social services than younger people.
What do taxes paid by the working population also pay for?

Answer 18

Taxes paid by the working population also pay for a variety of financial benefits for the elderly

Question 19

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
Not all elderly people are a financial drain on the working population, but older people, especially the very old, are much more likely to require health services and social services than younger people.
Taxes paid by the working population also pay for a variety of financial benefits for the elderly, such as what?

Answer 19

Taxes paid by the working population also pay for a variety of financial benefits for the elderly, such as state pensions

Question 20

Disadvantages of an ageing population:

1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. What for older people?

Answer 20

1. Loneliness
2. Isolation
   for older people

Question 21

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
Who (what year) found that the % of older people reporting that they were lonely, 7%, is relatively low?

Answer 21

Christina Victor et al. (2003) found that the % of older people reporting that they were lonely, 7%, is relatively low

Question 22

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
Christina Victor et al. (2003) found that the % of older people reporting that they were lonely, 7%, is relatively low.
What did the majority of older people demonstrate?

Answer 22

The majority of older people demonstrated high levels of contact with:

1. Friends
2. Family
3. Neighbours

Question 23

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
Christina Victor et al. (2003) found that the % of older people reporting that they were lonely, 7%, is relatively low.
The majority of older people demonstrated high levels of contact with friends, family and neighbours.
What did they also find?

Answer 23

They also found that the extent of loneliness among older people has been remarkably stable in the post-war period

Question 24

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
Christina Victor et al. (2003) found that the % of older people reporting that they were lonely, 7%, is relatively low.
The majority of older people demonstrated high levels of contact with friends, family and neighbours.
They also found that the extent of loneliness among older people has been remarkably stable in the post-war period.
However, the number of isolated older people is likely to be increasing, why?

Answer 24

The number of isolated older people is likely to be increasing, as:

1. More people live alone
2. A growing number of older people are likely to be divorced or single

Question 25

Disadvantages of an ageing population:

1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
4. What are they taking up?

Answer 25

They are taking up resources

Question 26

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
4. They are taking up resources.
Example

Answer 26

For example, less younger people are able to find houses, because most are already taken up by the increasing elderly population

Question 27

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
4. They are taking up resources.
Who (what year) suggests that, to some extent, the problems of an ageing society are a myth?

Answer 27

Sarah Harper (2013) suggests that, to some extent, the problems of an ageing society are a myth

Question 28

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
4. They are taking up resources.
Sarah Harper (2013) suggests that, to some extent, the problems of an ageing society are a myth.
Harper points out that growing pressures on the health service are more to do with what, rather than the demands of the elderly?

Answer 28

Harper points out that growing pressures on the health service are more to do with:
1. The rising expectations of what the health service can provide for everyone
,rather than
2. The demands of the elderly

Question 29

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
4. They are taking up resources.
Sarah Harper (2013) suggests that, to some extent, the problems of an ageing society are a myth.
Harper points out that growing pressures on the health service are more to do with the rising expectations of what the health service can provide for everyone, rather than the demands of the elderly.
Harper also suggests that a high age dependency ratio is only a problem, because we force many older people to do what?

Answer 29

Harper also suggests that a high age dependency ratio is only a problem, because we force many older people to retire at an arbitrary age

Question 30

Disadvantages of an ageing population:
1. An increasing age dependency ratio.
2. Increased public spending.
3. Loneliness and isolation for older people.
4. They are taking up resources.
Sarah Harper (2013) suggests that, to some extent, the problems of an ageing society are a myth.
Harper points out that growing pressures on the health service are more to do with the rising expectations of what the health service can provide for everyone, rather than the demands of the elderly.
Harper also suggests that a high age dependency ratio is only a problem, because we force many older people to retire at an arbitrary age, when in fact many older people could go on doing what, rather than becoming part of what?

Answer 30

Harper also suggests that a high age dependency ratio is only a problem, because we force many older people to retire at an arbitrary age, when in fact many older people could:
1. Go on contributing economically
,rather than
2. Becoming part of a dependent population

Question 31

Advantages of an ageing population:

1. What workers?

Answer 31

Older workers

Question 32

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
Most older people remain what until towards the end of their lives?

Answer 32

Most older people remain healthy until towards the end of their lives

Question 33

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
Most older people remain healthy until towards the end of their lives and increasingly, what are people doing?

Answer 33

Most older people remain healthy until towards the end of their lives and, increasingly, people are working beyond official retirement age

Question 34

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
Most older people remain healthy until towards the end of their lives and, increasingly, people are working beyond official retirement age.
A report, what (what year), found that in 2010, over-65s, through many factors, including what, made an astonishing net contribution of £40 billion to the UK economy?

Answer 34

A report, Gold Age Pensioners (2011), found that in 2010, over-65s, through many factors, including the value of their volunteering, made an astonishing net contribution of £40 billion to the UK economy

Question 35

Advantages of an ageing population:

1. Older workers.
2. What sector benefits?

Answer 35

The voluntary sector benefits

Question 36

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to do what?

Answer 36

Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work

Question 37

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
Example

Answer 37

For example:
1. Volunteering for charities
Or,
2. Organising local community events

Question 38

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as what?

Answer 38

Older people as consumers

Question 39

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
Who (what year) found that there is an increased consumer culture amongst the elderly?

Answer 39

David Kingman (2012) found that there is an increased consumer culture amongst the elderly

Question 40

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
David Kingman (2012) found that there is an increased consumer culture amongst the elderly.
The spending power of older people has increased, while what?

Answer 40

The spending power of older people has increased, while the spending power of younger generations has declined

Question 41

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
David Kingman (2012) found that there is an increased consumer culture amongst the elderly.
The spending power of older people has increased, while the spending power of younger generations has declined.
Example

Answer 41

For example, spending on:
1. Overseas travel
2. Theatre and cinema tickets
has increased among the over-50s and declined among the under 30s

Question 42

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
David Kingman (2012) found that there is an increased consumer culture amongst the elderly.
The spending power of older people has increased, while the spending power of younger generations has declined.
For example, spending on overseas travel and theatre and cinema tickets has increased among the over-50s and declined among the under 30s.
The elderly have what, so they have a lot of disposable income?

Answer 42

The elderly have:
1. Free time
2. Pensions
,so they have a lot of disposable income

Question 43

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
David Kingman (2012) found that there is an increased consumer culture amongst the elderly.
The spending power of older people has increased, while the spending power of younger generations has declined.
For example, spending on overseas travel and theatre and cinema tickets has increased among the over-50s and declined among the under 30s.
The elderly have free time and pensions, so they have a lot of disposable income that they can use where?

Answer 43

The elderly have:
1. Free time
2. Pensions
,so they have a lot of disposable income that they can use in consumerism

Question 44

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but why is this actually an advantage?

Answer 44

There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based

Question 45

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
Example

Answer 45

For example, there are self-scanners in supermarkets

Question 46

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
For example, there are self-scanners in supermarkets, so what?

Answer 46

For example, there are self-scanners in supermarkets, so a larger workforce isn’t needed

Question 47

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
What do grandparents now do?

Answer 47

Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life

Question 48

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, what are both parents now doing?

Answer 48

In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment

Question 49

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
What do one in 3 families do?

Answer 49

One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare

Question 50

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and what does the figure do for lone-parent families?

Answer 50

One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and the figure rises to 50% for lone-parent families

Question 51

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and the figure rises to 50% for lone-parent families.
Who (what year) suggests that grandparents are part of the ‘reserve army of labour?’

Answer 51

Marsha Jones (2011) suggests that grandparents are part of the ‘reserve army of labour’

Question 52

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and the figure rises to 50% for lone-parent families.
Marsha Jones (2011) suggests that grandparents are part of the ‘reserve army of labour.’
What does this mean?

Answer 52

This means that they:

1. Are back-up workers
2. Work for cheap
3. Are only called when they’re needed

Question 53

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and the figure rises to 50% for lone-parent families.
Marsha Jones (2011) suggests that grandparents are part of the ‘reserve army of labour.’
This means that they are back-up workers, work for cheap and are only called when they’re needed.
What do Marxists use this term to describe?

Answer 53

Marxists use this term to describe a group of workers who replace paid workers when there is a shortage of labour

Question 54

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and the figure rises to 50% for lone-parent families.
Marsha Jones (2011) suggests that grandparents are part of the ‘reserve army of labour.’
This means that they are back-up workers, work for cheap and are only called when they’re needed.
Marxists use this term to describe a group of workers (including who) who replace paid workers when there is a shortage of labour?

Answer 54

Marxists use this term to describe a group of workers (including:
1. The unemployed
2. Women
3. Immigrants)
who replace paid workers when there is a shortage of labour

Question 55

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and the figure rises to 50% for lone-parent families.
Marsha Jones (2011) suggests that grandparents are part of the ‘reserve army of labour.’
This means that they are back-up workers, work for cheap and are only called when they’re needed.
Marxists use this term to describe a group of workers (including the unemployed, women and immigrants) who replace paid workers when there is a shortage of labour, helping to do what?

Answer 55

Marxists use this term to describe a group of workers (including:
1. The unemployed
2. Women
3. Immigrants)
who replace paid workers when there is a shortage of labour, helping to keep down the cost of wages

Question 56

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and the figure rises to 50% for lone-parent families.
Marsha Jones (2011) suggests that grandparents are part of the ‘reserve army of labour.’
This means that they are back-up workers, work for cheap and are only called when they’re needed.
Marxists use this term to describe a group of workers (including the unemployed, women and immigrants) who replace paid workers when there is a shortage of labour, helping to keep down the cost of wages.
What do grandparents also do?

Answer 56

Grandparents also make a large financial contribution to families

Question 57

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
Grandparents now make a huge contribution to family life.
In most two-parent families, both parents are now in employment.
One in 3 families depend on grandparents for childcare and the figure rises to 50% for lone-parent families.
Marsha Jones (2011) suggests that grandparents are part of the ‘reserve army of labour.’
This means that they are back-up workers, work for cheap and are only called when they’re needed.
Marxists use this term to describe a group of workers (including the unemployed, women and immigrants) who replace paid workers when there is a shortage of labour, helping to keep down the cost of wages.
Grandparents also make a large financial contribution to families, for example doing what?

Answer 57

Grandparents also make a large financial contribution to families, for example helping grandchildren to get on the property ladder

Question 58

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
6. What families?

Answer 58

Beanpole families

Question 59

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
6. Beanpole families.
According to who (what year), we are witnessing the emergence of ‘beanpole families?’

Answer 59

According to Julia Brannen (2003), we are witnessing the emergence of ‘beanpole families’

Question 60

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
6. Beanpole families.
According to Julia Brannen (2003), we are witnessing the emergence of ‘beanpole families.’
Beanpole families are families of how many generations?

Answer 60

Beanpole families are families of:
1. 3
2. 4
Or,
3. Even 5
generations

Question 61

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
6. Beanpole families.
According to Julia Brannen (2003), we are witnessing the emergence of ‘beanpole families.’
Beanpole families are families of 3, 4 or even 5 generations.
Unlike traditional extended families, members may not necessarily all live in the same households, but may what?

Answer 61

Unlike traditional extended families, members may not necessarily all live in the same households, but may:

1. Live close together
2. See one another regularly

Question 62

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
6. Beanpole families.
According to Julia Brannen (2003), we are witnessing the emergence of ‘beanpole families.’
Beanpole families are families of 3, 4 or even 5 generations.
Unlike traditional extended families, members may not necessarily all live in the same households, but may live close together and may see one another regularly.
According to Brannen, such families can offer what to families going through divorce or to lone parents?

Answer 62

According to Brannen, such families can offer valuable support to:
1. Families going through divorce
Or,
2. Lone parents

Question 63

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
6. Beanpole families.
According to Julia Brannen (2003), we are witnessing the emergence of ‘beanpole families.’
Beanpole families are families of 3, 4 or even 5 generations.
Unlike traditional extended families, members may not necessarily all live in the same households, but may live close together and may see one another regularly.
According to Brannen, such families can offer valuable support to families going through divorce or to lone parents.
Grandparents provide what when the parents have gone to work?

Answer 63

Grandparents provide childcare when the parents have gone to work

Question 64

Advantages of an ageing population:
1. Older workers.
2. The voluntary sector benefits.
Retired people have time to contribute unpaid work.
For example, volunteering for charities or organising local community events.
3. Older people as consumers.
4. There are less people for the labour workforce, because more people will be retired, but this is actually an advantage, because everything is technology-based.
5. Grandparents.
6. Beanpole families.
According to Julia Brannen (2003), we are witnessing the emergence of ‘beanpole families.’
Beanpole families are families of 3, 4 or even 5 generations.
Unlike traditional extended families, members may not necessarily all live in the same households, but may live close together and may see one another regularly.
According to Brannen, such families can offer valuable support to families going through divorce or to lone parents.
Grandparents provide childcare when the parents have gone to work and more grandparents are playing an active role in their grandchildren’s what?

Answer 64

Grandparents provide childcare when the parents have gone to work and more grandparents are playing an active role in their grandchildren’s primary socialisation

Question 65

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Who (what year) says that grandparent care can take many forms?

Answer 65

June Statham (2011) says that grandparent care can take many forms

Question 66

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
June Statham (2011) says that grandparent care can take many forms, from what to what or doing what?

Answer 66

June Statham (2011) says that grandparent care can take many forms, from:
1. Occasional babysitting or regularly helping with childcare
to
2. Being the sole or main provider of childcare while parents work
Or,
3. Living with their grandchildren in multi-generation households

Question 67

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
June Statham (2011) says that grandparent care can take many forms, from occasional babysitting or regularly helping with childcare to being the sole or main provider of childcare while parents work or living with their grandchildren in multi-generation households.
Grandparents may also care for grandchildren whose parents are what to do so?

Answer 67

Grandparents may also care for grandchildren whose parents are:
1. Unable
Or,
2. Unwilling
to do so

Question 68

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
What report (what year) found that grandparents provide £50 billion worth of ‘free childcare?’

Answer 68

A HSBC report (2007) found that grandparents provide £50 billion worth of ‘free childcare’

Question 69

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
According to what (what year), grandparents also tend to be more flexible?

Answer 69

According to Grandparentsplus (2009), grandparents also tend to be more flexible

Question 70

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
According to Grandparentsplus (2009), grandparents also tend to be more flexible.
What will grandparents also do?

Answer 70

Grandparents will also care for a child who is sick when a nursery would refuse to have them

Question 71

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
According to Grandparentsplus (2009), grandparents also tend to be more flexible.
Grandparents will also care for a child who is sick when a nursery would refuse to have them.
Grandparents also provide an important source of support to parents and grandchildren at times of what?

Answer 71

Grandparents also provide an important source of support to:
1. Parents
2. Grandchildren
at times of family break-up

Question 72

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, who (what year) highlights some issues in relation to this?

Answer 72

Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this

Question 73

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
1. Grandparenting is still very what?

Answer 73

Grandparenting is still very gendered

Question 74

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
1. Grandparenting is still very gendered, with what in line with the gendered nature of other aspects of family life?

Answer 74

Grandparenting is still very gendered, with grandmothers generally playing a larger role than grandfathers in line with the gendered nature of other aspects of family life

Question 75

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
1. Grandparenting is still very gendered, with grandmothers generally playing a larger role than grandfathers in line with the gendered nature of other aspects of family life.
What does this support?

Answer 75

This supports the feminist view of other aspects of family life

Question 76

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
2. Many grandparents today are still in employment or, if retired, may have active social lives and are not always what to play an active role in their grandchildren’s lives?

Answer 76

Many grandparents today are still in employment or, if retired, may have active social lives and are not always:
1. Able
Or,
2. Willing
to play an active role in their grandchildren’s lives

Question 77

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
3. How are extended families now often dispersed?

Answer 77

Extended families are now often dispersed over geographical distances

Question 78

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
3. Extended families are now often dispersed over geographical distances, meaning what?

Answer 78

Extended families are now often dispersed over geographical distances, meaning that grandparents are not always in a position to give regular practical help

Question 79

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
4. Rising rates of divorce and relationship breakdown mean that grandparents may lose what?

Answer 79

Rising rates of divorce and relationship breakdown mean that grandparents may lose contact with grandchildren

Question 80

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
4. Rising rates of divorce and relationship breakdown mean that grandparents may lose contact with grandchildren.
As most children tend to live with mothers after a family break-up, it is usually who who are most affected by this?

Answer 80

As most children tend to live with mothers after a family break-up, it is usually paternal grandparents who are most affected by this

Question 81

Changes in parenting:
Grandparents:
Although grandparents play a significant role in many children’s lives, Deborah Chambers (2013) highlights some issues in relation to this.
4. Rising rates of divorce and relationship breakdown mean that grandparents may lose contact with grandchildren.
As most children tend to live with mothers after a family break-up, it is usually paternal grandparents who are most affected by this.
Who are more likely to be involved in offering support to their daughter and grandchildren following a divorce or separation?

Answer 81

Maternal grandparents are more likely to be involved in offering support to their:
1. Daughter
2. Grandchildren
following a divorce or separation