1.3: Age and identity

Question 1

The concept of age is rooted in what?

Answer 1

The concept of age is rooted in:
1. Biological
Or,
2. Chronological
development

Question 2

The concept of age is rooted in biological or chronological development.
In this respect, we all pass through various phases of what?

Answer 2

In this respect, we all pass through various phases of:
1. Physical
2. Psychological
development

Question 3

The concept of age is rooted in biological or chronological development.
In this respect, we all pass through various phases of physical and psychological development, from what to what?

Answer 3

In this respect, we all pass through various phases of:
1. Physical
2. Psychological
development, from birth to death

Question 4

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about what?

Answer 4

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave

Question 5

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
Example

Answer 5

For example:
1. Babies
2. Infants
are not physically capable of performing adult tasks

Question 6

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a what?

Answer 6

Sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct

Question 7

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of what?

Answer 7

Sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of biological characteristics

Question 8

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of biological characteristics.
There are many what differences across different what and between what groups?

Answer 8

There are many cultural differences:

1. Across different societies
2. Between subcultural groups

Question 9

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of biological characteristics.
There are many cultural differences across different societies and between subcultural groups, which do what?

Answer 9

There are many cultural differences:
1. Across different societies
2. Between subcultural groups
,which support this view

Question 10

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of biological characteristics.
There are many cultural differences across different societies and between subcultural groups, which support this view.
Life courses are also what?

Answer 10

Life courses are also socially constructed

Question 11

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of biological characteristics.
There are many cultural differences across different societies and between subcultural groups, which support this view.
Life courses are also socially constructed.
Example

Answer 11

For example, there are differing views on when childhood ends

Question 12

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of biological characteristics.
There are many cultural differences across different societies and between subcultural groups, which support this view.
Life courses are also socially constructed.
For example, there are differing views on when childhood ends.
As well as this, life courses are what?

Answer 12

As well as this, life courses are relative

Question 13

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of biological characteristics.
There are many cultural differences across different societies and between subcultural groups, which support this view.
Life courses are also socially constructed.
For example, there are differing views on when childhood ends.
As well as this, life courses are relative, because what, for example?

Answer 13

As well as this, life courses are relative, because what it means to be a ‘child’ in the UK is not the same as what it means in India, for example

Question 14

Biologically speaking, we don’t always have a choice about the way we behave.
For example, babies and infants are not physically capable of performing adult tasks.
However, sociologists point out that age is largely a social construct, rather than being just the result of biological characteristics.
There are many cultural differences across different societies and between subcultural groups, which support this view.
Life courses are also socially constructed.
For example, there are differing views on when childhood ends.
As well as this, life courses are relative, because what it means to be a ‘child’ in the UK is not the same as what it means in India, for example.
Comparing what with what such as the UK helps illustrate this further?

Answer 14

Comparing:
1. Traditional pre-industrial societies
with
2. Modern industrial societies such as the UK
helps illustrate this further

Question 15

Pre-industrial is before what?

Answer 15

Pre-industrial is before the Industrial Revolution

Question 16

Age in pre-industrial societies:

No what was known, births were not what and the exact age was not seen as what?

Answer 16

1. No precise age was known
2. Births were not registered
3. The exact age was not seen as important

Question 17

Age in pre-industrial societies:
No precise age was known, births were not registered and the exact age was not seen as important.
Age in contemporary societies:
What is a key feature of identity, the question what is a frequent what and age progression is what?

Answer 17

1. Biological age is a key feature of identity
2. The question ‘How old are you?’ is a frequent conversation starter
3. Age progression is marked and celebrated with birthdays

Question 18

Age in pre-industrial societies:

There was no clear, distinct separation of what?

Answer 18

There was no clear, distinct separation of childhood from adulthood

Question 19

Age in pre-industrial societies:
There was no clear, distinct separation of childhood from adulthood.
Children brought what in for their families?

Answer 19

Children brought money in for their families

Question 20

Age in pre-industrial societies:
There was no clear, distinct separation of childhood from adulthood.
Children brought money in for their families with jobs like what?

Answer 20

Children brought money in for their families with jobs like:

1. Coal mining
2. Working on farms

Question 21

Age in pre-industrial societies:
There was no clear, distinct separation of childhood from adulthood.
Children brought money in for their families with jobs like coal mining and working on farms.
Therefore, children were what?

Answer 21

Therefore, children were economic assets

Question 22

Age in pre-industrial societies:
There was no clear, distinct separation of childhood from adulthood.
Children brought money in for their families with jobs like coal mining and working on farms.
Therefore, children were economic assets.
Age in contemporary societies:
Childhood is viewed as a what time and children are seen as what?

Answer 22

1. Childhood is viewed as a special, privileged time

2. Children are seen as vulnerable, innocent and in need of protection

Question 23

Age in pre-industrial societies:
There was no clear, distinct separation of childhood from adulthood.
Children brought money in for their families with jobs like coal mining and working on farms.
Therefore, children were economic assets.
Age in contemporary societies:
Childhood is viewed as a special, privileged time and children are seen as vulnerable, innocent and in need of protection.
Children are relying on their parents to do what?

Answer 23

Children are relying on their parents to provide for them

Question 24

Age in pre-industrial societies:
There was no clear, distinct separation of childhood from adulthood.
Children brought money in for their families with jobs like coal mining and working on farms.
Therefore, children were economic assets.
Age in contemporary societies:
Childhood is viewed as a special, privileged time and children are seen as vulnerable, innocent and in need of protection.
Children are relying on their parents to provide for them and so are what?

Answer 24

Children are:

1. Relying on their parents to provide for them
2. So are economic liabilities

Question 25

Age in pre-industrial societies:

Childhood as we know it today did not what?

Answer 25

Childhood as we know it today did not exist

Question 26

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Childhood as we know it today did not exist.
It is a recent invention.
There was no recognised what?

Answer 26

There was no recognised age stage of ‘youth’

Question 27

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Childhood as we know it today did not exist.
It is a recent invention.
There was no recognised age stage of ‘youth.’
Young people were not recognised as a separate social category, because they were seen as what?

Answer 27

Young people were not recognised as a separate social category, because they were seen as ‘little adults’

Question 28

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Childhood as we know it today did not exist.
It is a recent invention.
There was no recognised age stage of ‘youth.’
Young people were not recognised as a separate social category, because they were seen as ‘little adults’ and were generally what?

Answer 28

Young people were not recognised as a separate social category, because they were:

1. Seen as ‘little adults’
2. Generally indistinguishable from parents

Question 29

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Childhood as we know it today did not exist.
It is a recent invention.
There was no recognised age stage of ‘youth.’
Young people were not recognised as a separate social category, because they were seen as ‘little adults’ and were generally indistinguishable from parents in terms of what?

Answer 29

Young people were not recognised as a separate social category, because they were seen as ‘little adults’ and were generally indistinguishable from parents in terms of:

1. Values
2. Tastes
3. Behaviour
4. Dress

Question 30

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Childhood as we know it today did not exist.
It is a recent what?

Answer 30

It is a recent invention

Question 31

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Childhood as we know it today did not exist.
It is a recent invention.
There was no recognised age stage of ‘youth.’
Young people were not recognised as a separate social category, because they were seen as ‘little adults’ and were generally indistinguishable from parents in terms of values, tastes, behaviour and dress.
Age in contemporary societies:
Youth was recognised from when as what?

Answer 31

Youth was recognised from the 1950s as a unique age group

Question 32

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Childhood as we know it today did not exist.
It is a recent invention.
There was no recognised age stage of ‘youth.’
Young people were not recognised as a separate social category, because they were seen as ‘little adults’ and were generally indistinguishable from parents in terms of values, tastes, behaviour and dress.
Age in contemporary societies:
Youth was recognised from the 1950s as a unique age group and there was the emergence of what based on what?

Answer 32

Youth was recognised from the 1950s as a unique age group and there was the emergence of a youth culture based on specific teenage:

1. Fashion
2. Music

Question 33

Age in pre-industrial societies:

Elders often acquired what?

Answer 33

Elders often acquired greater:

1. Status
2. Power

Question 34

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Elders often acquired greater status and power.
Elders were regarded as having what than those who are younger?

Answer 34

Elders were regarded as having greater:
1. Experience
2. Wisdom
than those who are younger

Question 35

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Elders often acquired greater status and power.
Elders were regarded as having greater experience and wisdom than those who are younger.
Age in contemporary societies:
The elderly are seen as not having what?

Answer 35

The elderly are seen as not having a great deal of:
1. Respect
Or,
2. Status

Question 36

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Elders often acquired greater status and power.
Elders were regarded as having greater experience and wisdom than those who are younger.
Age in contemporary societies:
The elderly are seen as not having a great deal of respect or status.
What is the major source of status?

Answer 36

Work is the major source of status

Question 37

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Elders often acquired greater status and power.
Elders were regarded as having greater experience and wisdom than those who are younger.
Age in contemporary societies:
The elderly are seen as not having a great deal of respect or status.
Work is the major source of status, so retirement can result in what?

Answer 37

Work is the major source of status, so retirement can result in a significant decline in:

1. Self-esteem
2. Social contact with others
3. Income

Question 38

Age in pre-industrial societies:
Elders often acquired greater status and power.
Elders were regarded as having greater experience and wisdom than those who are younger.
Age in contemporary societies:
The elderly are seen as not having a great deal of respect or status.
Work is the major source of status, so retirement can result in a significant decline in self-esteem, social contact with others and income.
There is a consequence rise in what among the elderly?

Answer 38

There is a consequent rise in:
1. Poverty
2. Loneliness
3. Depression
among the elderly

Question 39

Age in pre-industrial societies:

There was a high what rate?

Answer 39

There was a high infant mortality rate

Question 40

Age in pre-industrial societies:
There was a high infant mortality rate.
Age in contemporary societies:
There is a lower child mortality rate, due to what?

Answer 40

There is a lower child mortality rate, due to improving standards of:

1. Hygiene
2. Living
3. Healthcare

Question 41

Age in contemporary societies:

There is the emergence of a what society?

Answer 41

There is the emergence of a ‘child-centred’ society

Question 42

Age in contemporary societies:

There is the emergence of a ‘child-centred’ society, as there is increasingly what legislation?

Answer 42

There is the emergence of a ‘child-centred’ society, as there is increasingly child-centred legislation

Question 43

Age in contemporary societies:
There is the emergence of a ‘child-centred’ society, as there is increasingly child-centred legislation, for example what?

Answer 43

There is the emergence of a ‘child-centred’ society, as there is increasingly child-centred legislation, for example the 1989 Children Act

Question 44

As with the concept of gender, different age groups have clear what norms and values with regards to what?

Answer 44

As with the concept of gender, different age groups have clear cultural:
1. Norms
2. Values
with regards to identity

Question 45

As with the concept of gender, different age groups have clear cultural norms and values with regards to identity.
People are socialised into what?

Answer 45

People are socialised into:

1. Cultural norms
2. Expected behaviour for a particular age group

Question 46

As with the concept of gender, different age groups have clear cultural norms and values with regards to identity.
People are socialised into cultural norms and expected behaviour for a particular age group.
In our society, for example, we can identify 4 very broad what?

Answer 46

In our society, for example, we can identify 4 very broad cultural groupings based around age:

1. Childhood
2. Youth
3. Middle age
4. Old age

Question 47

As with the concept of gender, different age groups have clear cultural norms and values with regards to identity.
People are socialised into cultural norms and expected behaviour for a particular age group.
In our society, for example, we can identify 4 very broad cultural groupings based around age - Childhood, youth, middle age and old age.
Each of these groups reflect certain what for people of a certain age to behave?

Answer 47

Each of these groups reflect certain cultural assumptions about how it is:
1. Appropriate
Or,
2. Inappropriate
for people of a certain age to behave

Question 48

As with the concept of gender, different age groups have clear cultural norms and values with regards to identity.
People are socialised into cultural norms and expected behaviour for a particular age group.
In our society, for example, we can identify 4 very broad cultural groupings based around age - Childhood, youth, middle age and old age.
Each of these groups reflect certain cultural assumptions about how it is appropriate or inappropriate for people of a certain age to behave.
Many of these assumptions about behaviour are related to concepts such as what?

Answer 48

Many of these assumptions about behaviour are related to concepts such as lifestyle

Question 49

As with the concept of gender, different age groups have clear cultural norms and values with regards to identity.
People are socialised into cultural norms and expected behaviour for a particular age group.
In our society, for example, we can identify 4 very broad cultural groupings based around age - Childhood, youth, middle age and old age.
Each of these groups reflect certain cultural assumptions about how it is appropriate or inappropriate for people of a certain age to behave.
Many of these assumptions about behaviour are related to concepts such as lifestyle and people are generally encouraged to do what?

Answer 49

Many of these assumptions about behaviour are related to concepts such as lifestyle and people are generally encouraged to identify themselves with different kinds of behaviour based around their biological age

Question 50

What provide a distinction between children and adults?

Answer 50

1. Laws
2. Policies
   provide a distinction between children and adults

Question 51

Laws and policies provide a distinction between children and adults.
Therefore, what must be applied to their different what?

Answer 51

Therefore, different rules must be applied to their different behaviour

Question 52

Words generally associated with childhood include what?

Answer 52

Words generally associated with childhood include:

1. Innocent
2. Naive
3. Vulnerable
4. Energetic
5. Happy

Question 53

Words generally associated with youth/adolescence include what?

Answer 53

Words generally associated with youth/adolescence include:

1. Irresponsible
2. Deviant
3. Forgetful
4. Selfish
5. Experimental

Question 54

Words generally associated with middle age include what?

Answer 54

Words generally associated with middle age include:

1. Mid-life crisis
2. Stressed
3. Mature
4. Organised
5. Independent

Question 55

Words generally associated with middle age include mid-life crisis, stressed (because of what), mature, organised and independent?

Answer 55

Words generally associated with middle age include:

1. Mid-life crisis
2. Stressed (because of many responsibilities)
3. Mature
4. Organised
5. Independent

Question 56

Words generally associated with old age include what?

Answer 56

Words generally associated with old age include:

1. Wise
2. Experienced
3. Fragile
4. Dependent
5. On benefits

Question 57

Words generally associated with old age include wise, experienced, fragile, dependent (who are also dependent) and on benefits?

Answer 57

Words generally associated with old age include:

1. Wise
2. Experienced
3. Fragile
4. Dependent (babies are also dependent)
5. On benefits

Question 58

Age is probably the only aspect of identity for which we will all experience what?

Answer 58

Age is probably the only aspect of identity for which we will all experience the changing effects

Question 59

Age is probably the only aspect of identity for which we will all experience the changing effects.
As children, young people, adults and eventually older people, we will all find our identity affected by how our age does what and how other people do what?

Answer 59

As children, young people, adults and eventually older people, we will all find our identity affected by how:

1. Our age makes us feel
2. Other people relate to us

Question 60

Age is probably the only aspect of identity for which we will all experience the changing effects.
As children, young people, adults and eventually older people, we will all find our identity affected by how our age makes us feel and how other people relate to us.
The world is run by what?

Answer 60

The world is run by adults

Question 61

Age is probably the only aspect of identity for which we will all experience the changing effects.
As children, young people, adults and eventually older people, we will all find our identity affected by how our age makes us feel and how other people relate to us.
The world is run by adults and it is often who whose identities are the most negatively affected by their age?

Answer 61

The world is run by adults and it is often:
1. Young people
2. Older people
whose identities are the most negatively affected by their age

Question 62

Age is probably the only aspect of identity for which we will all experience the changing effects.
As children, young people, adults and eventually older people, we will all find our identity affected by how our age makes us feel and how other people relate to us.
The world is run by adults and it is often young people and older people whose identities are the most negatively affected by their age, often due to what?

Answer 62

The world is run by adults and it is often young people and older people whose identities are the most negatively affected by their age, often due to lack of:

1. Status
2. Power

Question 63

Age is sometimes looked at what?

Answer 63

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically

Question 64

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as what?

Answer 64

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age

Question 65

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, such as what?

Answer 65

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, such as:

1. 16
2. 17
3. 18

Question 66

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, such as 16, 17 and 18.
Alternatively, age is often looked at as a what in the what?

Answer 66

Alternatively, age is often looked at as a stage in the life course

Question 67

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, such as 16, 17 and 18.
Alternatively, age is often looked at as a stage in the life course, for example what?

Answer 67

Alternatively, age is often looked at as a stage in the life course, for example:

1. Childhood
2. Adulthood

Question 68

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, for example 16, 17 and 18.
Alternatively, age is often looked at as a stage in the life course, for example childhood and adulthood.
The problem with looking at stages in the life course is that what?

Answer 68

The problem with looking at stages in the life course is that the ages at which they:
1. Start
2. End
vary

Question 69

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, for example 16, 17 and 18.
Alternatively, age is often looked at as a stage in the life course, for example childhood and adulthood.
The problem with looking at stages in the life course is that the ages at which they start and end vary.
This means that they can be seen as what?

Answer 69

This means that they can be seen as socially constructed

Question 70

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, for example 16, 17 and 18.
Alternatively, age is often looked at as a stage in the life course, for example childhood and adulthood.
The problem with looking at stages in the life course is that the ages at which they start and end vary.
This means that they can be seen as socially constructed.
Example

Answer 70

For example:

1. When does childhood end?
2. When does middle age start?

Question 71

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, for example 16, 17 and 18.
Alternatively, age is often looked at as a stage in the life course, for example childhood and adulthood.
The problem with looking at stages in the life course is that the ages at which they start and end vary.
This means that they can be seen as socially constructed.
For example, when does childhood end and what does middle age start?
Individuals will also what?

Answer 71

Individuals will also differ

Question 72

Age is sometimes looked at chronologically, as your actual age, for example 16, 17 and 18.
Alternatively, age is often looked at as a stage in the life course, for example childhood and adulthood.
The problem with looking at stages in the life course is that the ages at which they start and end vary.
This means that they can be seen as socially constructed.
For example, when does childhood end and what does middle age start?
Individuals will also differ, as what?

Answer 72

Individuals will also differ, as:

1. Some keep their ‘youth’ going for longer
2. Others seem ‘old before their time’

Question 73

Stages in the life course - Childhood:

Cunningham looks at what?

Answer 73

Cunningham looks at the home habitat shrinking

Question 74

Stages in the life course - Childhood:

Cunningham looks at the home habitat shrinking, where what?

Answer 74

Cunningham looks at the home habitat shrinking, where kids are no longer allowed to go out to play beyond their parents’ eyes distance

Question 75

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Cunningham looks at the home habitat shrinking, where kids are no longer allowed to go out to play beyond their parents’ eyes distance.
There is more of an emphasis on what?

Answer 75

There is more of an emphasis on ‘stranger danger’

Question 76

Stages in the life course - Childhood:

Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood what?

Answer 76

Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures

Question 77

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures.
In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to what?

Answer 77

In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs

Question 78

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures.
In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs, where children will be what?

Answer 78

In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs, where children will be:

1. Working
2. Even fighting as armed soldiers

Question 79

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures.
In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs, where children will be working and even fighting as armed soldiers.
In some countries, marriage may be considered at the age of what, especially for girls?

Answer 79

In some countries, marriage may be considered at the age of:
1. 12
Or,
2. 13
,especially for girls

Question 80

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures.
In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs, where children will be working and even fighting as armed soldiers.
In some countries, marriage may be considered at the age of 12 or 13, especially for girls.
Even in the UK, when, children were doing what during the industrial revolution?

Answer 80

Even in the UK, in the mid 19th century, children were working in factories during the industrial revolution

Question 81

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures.
In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs, where children will be working and even fighting as armed soldiers.
In some countries, marriage may be considered at the age of 12 or 13, especially for girls.
Even in the UK, in the mid 19th century, children were working in factories during the industrial revolution.
However, now laws such as what prevent underage labour?

Answer 81

Now laws such as the:
1. ‘Factory Act’
2. ‘Child Labour Act’
prevent underage labour

Question 82

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures.
In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs, where children will be working and even fighting as armed soldiers.
In some countries, marriage may be considered at the age of 12 or 13, especially for girls.
Even in the UK, in the mid 19th century, children were working in factories during the industrial revolution.
However, now laws such as the ‘Factory Act’ and the ‘Child Labour Act’ prevent underage labour.
The youngest age to work in the UK is what?

Answer 82

The youngest age to work in the UK is 13 years old

Question 83

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures.
In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs, where children will be working and even fighting as armed soldiers.
In some countries, marriage may be considered at the age of 12 or 13, especially for girls.
Even in the UK, in the mid 19th century, children were working in factories during the industrial revolution.
However, now laws such as the ‘Factory Act’ and the ‘Child Labour Act’ prevent underage labour.
The youngest age to work in the UK is 13 years old, how?

Answer 83

The youngest age to work in the UK is 13 years old, part-time

Question 84

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Childhood is socially constructed, because childhood doesn’t exist in some cultures.
In the UK, childhood is a period of vulnerability and innocence, in comparison to some LEDCs, where children will be working and even fighting as armed soldiers.
In some countries, marriage may be considered at the age of 12 or 13, especially for girls.
Even in the UK, in the mid 19th century, children were working in factories during the industrial revolution.
However, now laws such as the ‘Factory Act’ and the ‘Child Labour Act’ prevent underage labour.
The youngest age to work in the UK is 13 years old, part-time, as doing what?

Answer 84

The youngest age to work in the UK is 13 years old, part-time, as doing paper rounds

Question 85

Stages in the life course - Childhood:

Today, it is argued that we have a what view with childhood in the UK?

Answer 85

Today, it is argued that we have a contradictory view with childhood in the UK

Question 86

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Today, it is argued that we have a contradictory view with childhood in the UK.
Children are either portrayed in the media as what?

Answer 86

Children are either portrayed in the media as little:
1. Angels and vulnerable victims
Or,
2. Devils (delinquent or shocking)

Question 87

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Today, it is argued that we have a contradictory view with childhood in the UK.
Children are either portrayed in the media as little angels and vulnerable victims or as little devils (delinquent or shocking).
There is a generally held view that children do what today than previously?

Answer 87

There is a generally held view that children ‘grow up’ more quickly today than previously

Question 88

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Today, it is argued that we have a contradictory view with childhood in the UK.
Children are either portrayed in the media as little angels and vulnerable victims or as little devils (delinquent or shocking).
There is a generally held view that children ‘grow up’ more quickly today than previously.
This could be due to what?

Answer 88

This could be due to media

Question 89

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Today, it is argued that we have a contradictory view with childhood in the UK.
Children are either portrayed in the media as little angels and vulnerable victims or as little devils (delinquent or shocking).
There is a generally held view that children ‘grow up’ more quickly today than previously.
This could be due to media, because it enables them to do what?

Answer 89

This could be due to media, because it enables them to copy what they see

Question 90

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Today, it is argued that we have a contradictory view with childhood in the UK.
Children are either portrayed in the media as little angels and vulnerable victims or as little devils (delinquent or shocking).
There is a generally held view that children ‘grow up’ more quickly today than previously.
This could be due to media, because it enables them to copy what they see - what?

Answer 90

This could be due to media, because it enables them to copy what they see - popular culture

Question 91

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Today, it is argued that we have a contradictory view with childhood in the UK.
Children are either portrayed in the media as little angels and vulnerable victims or as little devils (delinquent or shocking).
There is a generally held view that children ‘grow up’ more quickly today than previously.
This could be due to media, because it enables them to copy what they see - popular culture.
However, actually, until when, childhood lasted for what?

Answer 91

Actually, until the mid 20th century, childhood lasted for a shorter time

Question 92

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Today, it is argued that we have a contradictory view with childhood in the UK.
Children are either portrayed in the media as little angels and vulnerable victims or as little devils (delinquent or shocking).
There is a generally held view that children ‘grow up’ more quickly today than previously.
This could be due to media, because it enables them to copy what they see - popular culture.
However, actually, until the mid 20th century, childhood lasted for a shorter time and people were usually doing what before their 18th birthday?

Answer 92

Actually, until the mid 20th century, childhood lasted for a shorter time and people were usually:
1. Working
2. Even having families of their own
before their 18th birthday

Question 93

Stages in the life course - Childhood:

Who (what year) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enables adults to do what?

Answer 93

Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life

Question 94

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly what?

Answer 94

Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly certain:

1. Aspects of sexuality
2. Horrors associated with death and disease

Question 95

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly certain aspects of sexuality and certain horrors associated with death and disease, so the what child was created?

Answer 95

Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly certain:
1. Aspects of sexuality
2. Horrors associated with death and disease
,so the ‘innocent’ child was created

Question 96

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly certain aspects of sexuality and certain horrors associated with death and disease, so the ‘innocent’ child was created.
Postman suggests that the emergence and spread of what in the 20th century has brought about a decline in what?

Answer 96

Postman suggests that the emergence and spread of:
1. The media
2. Visual culture
in the 20th century has brought about a decline in childhood

Question 97

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly certain aspects of sexuality and certain horrors associated with death and disease, so the ‘innocent’ child was created.
Postman suggests that the emergence and spread of the media and visual culture in the 20th century has brought about a decline in childhood.
Childhood is what?

Answer 97

Childhood is ‘disappearing at a dazzling speed’

Question 98

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly certain aspects of sexuality and certain horrors associated with death and disease, so the ‘innocent’ child was created.
Postman suggests that the emergence and spread of the media and visual culture in the 20th century has brought about a decline in childhood.
Childhood is ‘disappearing at a dazzling speed.’
Childhood is only possible if children are kept what from the adult world?

Answer 98

Childhood is only possible if children are kept:
1. Separated
2. Protected
from the adult world

Question 99

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly certain aspects of sexuality and certain horrors associated with death and disease, so the ‘innocent’ child was created.
Postman suggests that the emergence and spread of the media and visual culture in the 20th century has brought about a decline in childhood.
Childhood is ‘disappearing at a dazzling speed.’
Childhood is only possible if children are kept separated and protected from the adult world.
However, the what media and what in particular has brought the adult world into what?

Answer 99

The:
1. Mass media
2. TV in particular
has brought the adult world into the lives of children

Question 100

Stages in the life course - Childhood:
Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood emerged only when the spread of literacy enabled adults to better shield children from various aspects of adult life, particularly certain aspects of sexuality and certain horrors associated with death and disease, so the ‘innocent’ child was created.
Postman suggests that the emergence and spread of the media and visual culture in the 20th century has brought about a decline in childhood.
Childhood is ‘disappearing at a dazzling speed.’
Childhood is only possible if children are kept separated and protected from the adult world.
However, the mass media and TV in particular has brought the adult world into the lives of children.
As a result, what are breaking down?

Answer 100

As a result, the boundaries between the worlds of:
1. Children
2. Adults
are breaking down

Question 101

Stages in the life course - Youth:

Youth tends to be associated with those between the ages of what?

Answer 101

Youth tends to be associated with those between the ages of:

1. 12
2. 25

Question 102

Stages in the life course - Youth:
Youth tends to be associated with those between the ages of 12 and 25.
In our culture, youth is socially constructed to describe what?

Answer 102

In our culture, youth is socially constructed to describe the period of transition from:
1. Childhood
to
2. Adulthood

Question 103

Stages in the life course - Youth:
Youth tends to be associated with those between the ages of 12 and 25.
In our culture, youth is socially constructed to describe the period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is a time of what?

Answer 103

In our culture, youth is socially constructed to describe the period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is a time of:

1. Rebellion
2. Resistance

Question 104

Stages in the life course - Youth:
Youth tends to be associated with those between the ages of 12 and 25.
In our culture, youth is socially constructed to describe the period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is a time of rebellion and resistance.
However, some cultures have no concept of ‘youth’ as a stage in the life course.
Through what, such as the one in the Hamar tribe, childhood ends one day and adulthood begins?

Answer 104

Through initiation ceremonies, such as the one in the Hamar tribe:

1. Childhood ends one day
2. Adulthood begins

Question 105

Stages in the life course - Youth:
Youth tends to be associated with those between the ages of 12 and 25.
In our culture, youth is socially constructed to describe the period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is a time of rebellion and resistance.
However, some cultures have no concept of ‘youth’ as a stage in the life course.
Through initiation ceremonies, such as the one in the Hamar tribe, childhood ends one day and adulthood begins.
Who (what year) also argued that the what associated with youth is culturally specific and not found in all cultures?

Answer 105

Margaret Mead (1928) also argued that the:
1. ‘Storm
2. Stress’
associated with youth is culturally specific and not found in all cultures

Question 106

Stages in the life course - Youth:
Youth tends to be associated with those between the ages of 12 and 25.
In our culture, youth is socially constructed to describe the period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is a time of rebellion and resistance.
However, some cultures have no concept of ‘youth’ as a stage in the life course.
Through initiation ceremonies, such as the one in the Hamar tribe, childhood ends one day and adulthood begins.
Margaret Mead (1928) also argued that the ‘storm and stress’ associated with youth is culturally specific and not found in all cultures.
Youth culture is a what?

Answer 106

Youth culture is a subculture

Question 107

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by what?

Answer 107

Young adulthood is normally characterised by:

1. Career
2. Family

Question 108

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people do what during this time?

Answer 108

Most people:
1. Form relationships
2. Have children
3. Establish their careers
during this time

Question 109

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often doing what?

Answer 109

Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often:

1. Moving into their own home
2. Becoming independent from their parents

Question 110

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often moving into their own home and becoming independent from their parents.
Middle age tends to be associated with those in their what?

Answer 110

Middle age tends to be associated with those in their:

1. 40s
2. 50s

Question 111

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often moving into their own home and becoming independent from their parents.
Middle age tends to be associated with those in their 40s and 50s.
Who (what year) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age?

Answer 111

Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than:
1. Youth
Or,
2. Old age

Question 112

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often moving into their own home and becoming independent from their parents.
Middle age tends to be associated with those in their 40s and 50s.
Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age, because people in this age do what?

Answer 112

Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age, because people in this age:

1. Are running the country
2. Hold power at work

Question 113

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often moving into their own home and becoming independent from their parents.
Middle age tends to be associated with those in their 40s and 50s.
Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age, because people in this age are running the country (for example who) and hold power at work?

Answer 113

Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age, because people in this age:

1. Are running the country (for example David Cameron)
2. Hold power at work

Question 114

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often moving into their own home and becoming independent from their parents.
Middle age tends to be associated with those in their 40s and 50s.
Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age, because people in this age are running the country (for example David Cameron) and hold power at work due to what?

Answer 114

Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age, because people in this age:

1. Are running the country (for example David Cameron)
2. Hold power at work due to more experience

Question 115

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often moving into their own home and becoming independent from their parents.
Middle age tends to be associated with those in their 40s and 50s.
Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age, because people in this age are running the country (for example David Cameron) and hold power at work due to more experience.
However, middle age is also seen as a negative time, because what?

Answer 115

Middle age is also seen as a negative time, because:

1. ‘Youth’ is lost and finished
2. Old age comes closer

Question 116

Stages in the life course - Youth adulthood and middle age:
Very little is said about normal ‘adulthood’ by researchers.
Young adulthood is normally characterised by career and family.
Most people form relationships, have children and establish their careers during this time, often moving into their own home and becoming independent from their parents.
Middle age tends to be associated with those in their 40s and 50s.
Bradley (1996) argues that middle age has a higher status than youth or old age, because people in this age are running the country (for example David Cameron) and hold power at work due to more experience.
However, middle age is also seen as a negative time, because ‘youth’ is lost and finished and old age comes closer.
Middle age is sometimes associated with negative ideas, such as what?

Answer 116

Middle age is sometimes associated with negative ideas, such as:

1. ‘Mid-life crisis’
2. ‘Empty nest syndrome’

Question 117

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between what?

Answer 117

Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between:

1. A 65 year old
2. An 85 year old

Question 118

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires what?

Answer 118

UK culture admires:

1. Youth
2. The beauty of youthful bodies

Question 119

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example what?

Answer 119

UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being:

1. Wrinkle-free
2. Toned

Question 120

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent what?

Answer 120

In contrast, ageing bodies represent:

1. Ugliness
2. Degeneration

Question 121

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been what themselves?

Answer 121

Older people have been socialised into this view themselves

Question 122

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as what?

Answer 122

Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as:

1. Ugly
2. Weak

Question 123

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as ugly and weak.
The language used by older participants about their own identity in whose (what year) study was mostly what?

Answer 123

The language used by older participants about their own identity in Corner’s (1999) study was mostly negative

Question 124

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as ugly and weak.
The language used by older participants about their own identity in Corner’s (1999) study was mostly negative, reflecting that used by what?

Answer 124

The language used by older participants about their own identity in Corner’s (1999) study was mostly negative, reflecting that used by:

1. The media
2. Popular culture

Question 125

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as ugly and weak.
The language used by older participants about their own identity in Corner’s (1999) study was mostly negative, reflecting that used by the media and popular culture.
A what occurs?

Answer 125

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs

Question 126

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as ugly and weak.
The language used by older participants about their own identity in Corner’s (1999) study was mostly negative, reflecting that used by the media and popular culture.
A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs, leading them to believe what?

Answer 126

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs, leading them to believe that they’re:

1. A burden
2. Weak

Question 127

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as ugly and weak.
The language used by older participants about their own identity in Corner’s (1999) study was mostly negative, reflecting that used by the media and popular culture.
A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs, leading them to believe that they’re a burden and weak.
Participants described what for society?

Answer 127

Participants described the problems of old age for society

Question 128

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as ugly and weak.
The language used by older participants about their own identity in Corner’s (1999) study was mostly negative, reflecting that used by the media and popular culture.
A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs, leading them to believe that they’re a burden and weak.
Participants described the problems of old age for society and the ‘burden’ of what?

Answer 128

Participants described the:

1. Problems of old age for society
2. ‘Burden’ of the ageing population

Question 129

Stages in the life course - Old age:
When does old age start?
Some say it starts at retirement age, but there is a lot of difference between a 65 year old and an 85 year old.
UK culture admires youth and the beauty of youthful bodies, for example being wrinkle-free and toned.
In contrast, ageing bodies represent ugliness and degeneration.
Older people have been socialised into this view themselves and see themselves as ugly and weak.
The language used by older participants about their own identity in Corner’s (1999) study was mostly negative, reflecting that used by the media and popular culture.
A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs, leading them to believe that they’re a burden and weak.
Participants described the problems of old age for society and the ‘burden’ of the ageing population.
Participants were concerned with becoming a ‘burden’ themselves and the dominant stereotype they presented was of later life being a time of what?

Answer 129

Participants were concerned with becoming a ‘burden’ themselves and the dominant stereotype they presented was of later life being a time of:

1. Ill health
2. Dependency

Question 130

Changing age identities:

Postmodernists would look at trends such as what to show how age is what and becoming what today?

Answer 130

Postmodernists would look at trends such as:
1. Living and working for longer
2. Anti-ageing products and procedures
3. The extension of ‘youth’ and childhood
to show how age is fluid and becoming less significant today

Question 131

Changing age identities:
Postmodernists would look at trends such as living and working for longer, anti-ageing products and procedures and the extension of ‘youth’ and childhood to show how age is fluid and becoming less significant today.
Postmodernists believe that age is just what?

Answer 131

Postmodernists believe that age is just a number

Question 132

Who (what year) argue that media images of ageing, which have been a source of what, can also do what?

Answer 132

Featherstone and Hepworth (2005) argue that media images of ageing, which have been a source of negative:
1. Stereotypes
2. Identities
,can also create new identities

Question 133

Featherstone and Hepworth (2003) argue that media images of ageing, which have been a source of negative stereotypes and identities, can also create new identities and suggest that as the population ages, what may emerge?

Answer 133

Featherstone and Hepworth (2003):

1. Argue that media images of ageing, which have been a source of negative stereotypes and identities, can also create new identities
2. Suggest that as the population ages, more positive images may emerge

Question 134

Featherstone and Hepworth (2003) argue that media images of ageing, which have been a source of negative stereotypes and identities, can also create new identities and suggest that as the population ages, more positive images may emerge, which show ageing as what?

Answer 134

Featherstone and Hepworth (2003):

1. Argue that media images of ageing, which have been a source of negative stereotypes and identities, can also create new identities
2. Suggest that as the population ages, more positive images may emerge, which show ageing as a positive thing

Question 135

Featherstone and Hepworth (2003) argue that media images of ageing, which have been a source of negative stereotypes and identities, can also create new identities and suggest that as the population ages, more positive images may emerge, which show ageing as a positive thing.
What are also trends that help blue the boundaries of the life courses?

Answer 135

The:
1. Popularity of ‘retro’ fashions
2. Comeback tours from bands from the 1970s and 1980s
are also trends that help blur the boundaries of the life courses

Question 136

Who (what year) say that children are seen to lack to status of what?

Answer 136

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood

Question 137

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are what from the public, adult world?

Answer 137

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are:
1. Separated
2. Excluded
from the public, adult world

Question 138

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to what?

Answer 138

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are:
1. Separated
2. Excluded
from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children

Question 139

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as what?

Answer 139

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as:

1. Schools
2. Nurseries
3. The family

Question 140

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the what of adults?

Answer 140

Children are seen as the opposite of adults

Question 141

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - what?

Answer 141

Children are seen as the opposite of adults -

1. Dependent
2. Innocent
3. Vulnerable

Question 142

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing what?

Answer 142

Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing:

1. Care
2. Control

Question 143

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing care and control.
Hockey and James link what?

Answer 143

Hockey and James link:

1. Old age
2. Childhood

Question 144

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing care and control.
Hockey and James link old age and childhood and argue that they are what in a similar way?

Answer 144

Hockey and James link:
1. Old age
2. Childhood
and argue that are socially constructed in a similar way

Question 145

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing care and control.
Hockey and James link old age and childhood and argue that they are socially constructed in a similar way, having lost what?

Answer 145

Hockey and James link:
1. Old age
2. Childhood
and argue that are socially constructed in a similar way, having lost their ‘personhood’ status

Question 146

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing care and control.
Hockey and James link old age and childhood and argue that they are socially constructed in a similar way, having lost their ‘personhood’ status.
Terms such as what are used?

Answer 146

Terms such as ‘gaga’ are used

Question 147

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing care and control.
Hockey and James link old age and childhood and argue that they are socially constructed in a similar way, having lost their ‘personhood’ status.
Terms such as ‘gaga’ are used, relating to what?

Answer 147

Terms such as ‘gaga’ are used, relating to baby noises

Question 148

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing care and control.
Hockey and James link old age and childhood and argue that they are socially constructed in a similar way, having lost their ‘personhood’ status.
Terms such as ‘gaga’ are used, relating to baby noises and the elderly are also seen as what?

Answer 148

Terms such as ‘gaga’ are used, relating to baby noises and the elderly are also seen as:

1. Helpless
2. Vulnerable
3. Dependent
4. Needing care

Question 149

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing care and control.
Hockey and James link old age and childhood and argue that they are socially constructed in a similar way, having lost their ‘personhood’ status.
Terms such as ‘gaga’ are used, relating to baby noises and the elderly are also seen as helpless, vulnerable, dependent and needing care.
Hockey and James use the concept what to describe this?

Answer 149

Hockey and James use the concept ‘infantilisation’ to describe this

Question 150

Hockey and James (1993) say that children are seen to lack the status of personhood and are separated and excluded from the public, adult world, largely confined to ‘specialist places’ for children such as schools, nurseries and the family.
Children are seen as the opposite of adults - dependent, innocent and vulnerable, and needing care and control.
Hockey and James link old age and childhood and argue that they are socially constructed in a similar way, having lost their ‘personhood’ status.
Terms such as ‘gaga’ are used, relating to baby noises and the elderly are also seen as helpless, vulnerable, dependent and needing care.
Hockey and James use the concept ‘infantilisation’ to describe this.
In their research where, they report that the clients were treated like what?

Answer 150

In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children

Question 151

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep what, but were given what?

Answer 151

In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money’

Question 152

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their what taken away?

Answer 152

They had their privacy taken away

Question 153

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being what and having to ask to do what?

Answer 153

They had their privacy taken away -

1. Being bathed and being dressed
2. Having to ask to be taken to the toilet

Question 154

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was what?

Answer 154

Their daily routine was decided for them

Question 155

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be what and definitely not what?

Answer 155

Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be:

1. Quite innocent
2. Definitely not sexually active

Question 156

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be quite innocent and definitely not sexually active.
Such practices will create a self-fulfilling prophecy, but Hockey and James argued what?

Answer 156

Such practices will create a self-fulfilling prophecy, but Hockey and James argued that in most cases it was not based on medical needs

Question 157

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be quite innocent and definitely not sexually active.
Such practices will create a self-fulfilling prophecy, but Hockey and James argued that in most cases it was not based on medical needs.
They do argue that such an identity is possible to what?

Answer 157

They do argue that such an identity is possible to resist

Question 158

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be quite innocent and definitely not sexually active.
Such practices will create a self-fulfilling prophecy, but Hockey and James argued that in most cases it was not based on medical needs.
They do argue that such an identity is possible to resist.
What may be used to retain some power?

Answer 158

Alternative sources of status may be used to retain some power

Question 159

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be quite innocent and definitely not sexually active.
Such practices will create a self-fulfilling prophecy, but Hockey and James argued that in most cases it was not based on medical needs.
They do argue that such an identity is possible to resist.
Alternative sources of status may be used to retain some power.
Example

Answer 159

For example, male residents in the home exerted some power over female staff

Question 160

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be quite innocent and definitely not sexually active.
Such practices will create a self-fulfilling prophecy, but Hockey and James argued that in most cases it was not based on medical needs.
They do argue that such an identity is possible to resist.
Alternative sources of status may be used to retain some power.
For example, male residents in the home exerted some power over female staff.
Also, it is possible to resist the status by doing what?

Answer 160

Also, it is possible to resist the status by assuming a different one

Question 161

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be quite innocent and definitely not sexually active.
Such practices will create a self-fulfilling prophecy, but Hockey and James argued that in most cases it was not based on medical needs.
They do argue that such an identity is possible to resist.
Alternative sources of status may be used to retain some power.
For example, male residents in the home exerted some power over female staff.
Also, it is possible to resist the status by assuming a different one, such as what?

Answer 161

Also, it is possible to resist the status by assuming a different one, such as:

1. Children who pretend to be older to gain more status
2. Older people who act younger

Question 162

Hockey and James (1993):
In their research in a retirement home, they reported that the clients were treated like children - They weren’t allowed to keep their own money, but were given ‘pocket money.’
They had their privacy taken away - being bathed and being dressed and having to ask to be taken to the toilet.
Their daily routine was decided for them and they were assumed to be quite innocent and definitely not sexually active.
Such practices will create a self-fulfilling prophecy, but Hockey and James argued that in most cases it was not based on medical needs.
They do argue that such an identity is possible to resist.
Alternative sources of status may be used to retain some power.
For example, male residents in the home exerted some power over female staff.
Also, it is possible to resist the status by assuming a different one, such as children who pretend to be older to gain more status and older people who act younger.
Hockey and James gave accounts of residents in the home who mocked the care staff by doing what?

Answer 162

Hockey and James gave accounts of residents in the home who mocked the care staff by:
1. Deliberately behaving in a childlike way
Or,
2. Even poking their tongues out at the staff

Question 163

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of what?

Answer 163

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity

Question 164

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing what?

Answer 164

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless

Question 165

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for the youth, because:
1. Youth culture is just what (postmodernism)

Answer 165

Age identity is not important for the youth, because youth culture is just a media creation (postmodernism)

Question 166

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for the youth, because:
1. Youth culture is just a media creation (postmodernism).
2. Most youths what, according to who (what year)?

Answer 166

Age identity is not important for the youth, because most youths:
1. Are conformist, conservative
2. Share their parents' values
3. Generally get on well with them
,according to Davis (1990)

Question 167

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for the youth, because:
1. Youth culture is just a media creation (postmodernism).
2. Most youths are conformist, conservative, share their parents’ values and generally get on well with them, according to Davis (1990).
3. Young people are not a what group?

Answer 167

Age identity is not important for the youth, because young people are not a:
1. United
2. Easily identifiable
social group

Question 168

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for the youth, because:
1. Youth culture is just a media creation (postmodernism).
2. Most youths are conformist, conservative, share their parents’ values and generally get on well with them, according to Davis (1990).
3. Young people are not a united, easily identifiable social group, because they differ according to what?

Answer 168

Age identity is not important for the youth, because young people are not a united, easily identifiable social group, because they differ according to:

1. Class
2. Gender
3. Ethnicity

Question 169

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for the youth, because:
1. Youth culture is just a media creation (postmodernism).
2. Most youths are conformist, conservative, share their parents’ values and generally get on well with them, according to Davis (1990).
3. Young people are not a united, easily identifiable social group, because they differ according to class, gender and ethnicity.
4. Some groups of young people do what?

Answer 169

Age identity is not important for the youth, because some groups of young people:
1. Resist the norm
Or,
2. Rebel against their low status

Question 170

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for the youth, because:
1. Youth culture is just a media creation (postmodernism).
2. Most youths are conformist, conservative, share their parents’ values and generally get on well with them, according to Davis (1990).
3. Young people are not a united, easily identifiable social group, because they differ according to class, gender and ethnicity.
4. Some groups of young people resist the norm or rebel against their low status.
What may they form?

Answer 170

They may form youth subcultures

Question 171

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for the youth, because:
1. Youth is a period that is defined by what?

Answer 171

Age identity is important for the youth, because youth is a period that is defined by:

1. Growing up
2. Rebelling
3. Fun
4. Excitement

Question 172

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for the youth, because:
1. Youth is a period that is defined by growing up, rebelling, fun and excitement.
2. Young people are all part of what and at the same what, according to who (what year)

Answer 172

Age identity is important for the youth, because young people are all:
1. Part of the same culture
2. At the same transitional stage in their life
,according to Abrams (1959)

Question 173

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for the youth, because:
1. Youth is a period that is defined by growing up, rebelling, fun and excitement.
2. Young people are all part of the same culture and at the same transitional stage in their life, according to Abrams (1959).
3. During this age, young people are what into adulthood?

Answer 173

Age identity is important for the youth, because during this age, young people are:
1. Learning
2. Negotiating
the path into adulthood

Question 174

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for the youth, because:
1. Youth is a period that is defined by growing up, rebelling, fun and excitement.
2. Young people are all part of the same culture and at the same transitional stage in their life, according to Abrams (1959).
3. During this age, young people are learning and negotiating the path into adulthood.
They are seen as needing what?

Answer 174

They are seen as needing protection

Question 175

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for the youth, because:
1. Youth is a period that is defined by growing up, rebelling, fun and excitement.
2. Young people are all part of the same culture and at the same transitional stage in their life, according to Abrams (1959).
3. During this age, young people are learning and negotiating the path into adulthood.
They are seen as needing protection and what support this?

Answer 175

They are seen as needing protection and laws support this

Question 176

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for the youth, because:
1. Youth is a period that is defined by growing up, rebelling, fun and excitement.
2. Young people are all part of the same culture and at the same transitional stage in their life, according to Abrams (1959).
3. During this age, young people are learning and negotiating the path into adulthood.
They are seen as needing protection and laws support this, for example how what?

Answer 176

They are seen as needing protection and laws support this, for example how the age of consent is 16 years old

Question 177

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for the youth, because:
1. Youth is a period that is defined by growing up, rebelling, fun and excitement.
2. Young people are all part of the same culture and at the same transitional stage in their life, according to Abrams (1959).
3. During this age, young people are learning and negotiating the path into adulthood.
They are seen as needing protection and laws support this, for example how the age of consent is 16 years old.
4. Youth is a time for experimenting with what, according to who?

Answer 177

Age identity is important for the youth, because youth is a time for experimenting with new:
1. Styles
2. Fashion
3. Shopping at the ‘supermarket of styles’
,according to Polemus

Question 178

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because:
1. There are what differences and what differences in the way people identify with middle age?

Answer 178

Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because there are:
1. Class differences
2. Gender differences
in the way people identify with middle age

Question 179

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because:
1. There are class differences and gender differences in the way people identify with middle age.
Example

Answer 179

For example, middle aged women may be more likely to see this life phase about CHANGED compared to men, according to Bradley

Question 180

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because:
1. There are class differences and gender differences in the way people identify with middle age.
2. Individuals are identified as being middle-aged by who?

Answer 180

Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because individuals are identified as being middle-aged by people in younger age groups

Question 181

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because:
1. There are class differences and gender differences in the way people identify with middle age.
2. Individuals are identified as being middle-aged by people in younger age groups.
Most children will consider their parents middle-aged simply through what?

Answer 181

Most children will consider their parents middle-aged simply through their status as parents

Question 182

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because:
1. There are class differences and gender differences in the way people identify with middle age.
2. Individuals are identified as being middle-aged by people in younger age groups.
Most children will consider their parents middle-aged simply through their status as parents.
In this sense, being middle-aged is more a what than a source of what?

Answer 182

In this sense, being middle-aged is more a label given by others than a source of self-identity

Question 183

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because:
1. There are class differences and gender differences in the way people identify with middle age.
2. Individuals are identified as being middle-aged by people in younger age groups.
Most children will consider their parents middle-aged simply through their status as parents.
In this sense, being middle-aged is more a label given by others than a source of self-identity.
3. Postmodernists point out that there is now much more what about middle-aged identity?

Answer 183

Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because postmodernists point out that there is now much more choice about middle-aged identity

Question 184

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because:
1. There are class differences and gender differences in the way people identify with middle age.
2. Individuals are identified as being middle-aged by people in younger age groups.
Most children will consider their parents middle-aged simply through their status as parents.
In this sense, being middle-aged is more a label given by others than a source of self-identity.
3. Postmodernists point out that there is now much more choice about middle-aged identity, which is supported by who (what year)?

Answer 184

Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because postmodernists point out that there is now much more choice about middle-aged identity, which is supported by Hunt (2005)

Question 185

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because:
1. There are class differences and gender differences in the way people identify with middle age.
2. Individuals are identified as being middle-aged by people in younger age groups.
Most children will consider their parents middle-aged simply through their status as parents.
In this sense, being middle-aged is more a label given by others than a source of self-identity.
3. Postmodernists point out that there is now much more choice about middle-aged identity, which is supported by Hunt (2005), who points out that there are what?

Answer 185

Age identity is not important for middle-aged people, because postmodernists point out that there is now much more choice about middle-aged identity, which is supported by Hunt (2005), who points out that there are opportunities to stay looking ‘youthful’ in consumer choices related to this stage of life

Question 186

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for middle-aged people, because:
1. The majority of middle-aged individuals interviewed accept the significance of what as all indicating the onset of middle age?

Answer 186

Age identity is important for middle-aged people, because the majority of middle-aged individuals interviewed accept the significance of:
1. Signs of bodily ageing
2. Alterations in the family structure
3. Changes in the state of career
as all indicating the onset of middle age

Question 187

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for middle-aged people, because:
1. The majority of middle-aged individuals interviewed accept the significance of signs of bodily ageing, alterations in the family structure and changes in the state of career as all indicating the onset of middle age.
According to who, of greatest importance is what?

Answer 187

According to Neugarten, of greatest importance is the awareness of a position bridging 2 generations - that of:

1. Parents
2. Children

Question 188

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for people in old age, because:
1. The concept of old age is challenged by who?

Answer 188

Age identity is not important for people in old age, because the concept of old age is challenged by people who feel it has become a negative label

Question 189

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for people in old age, because:
1. The concept of old age is challenged by people who feel it has become a negative label, used to do what?

Answer 189

Age identity is not important for people in old age, because the concept of old age is challenged by people who feel it has become a negative label, used to stigmatise the elderly

Question 190

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for people in old age, because:
1. The concept of old age is challenged by people who feel it has become a negative label, used to stigmatise the elderly.
2. Many older people continue to do what?

Answer 190

Age identity is not important for people in old age, because many older people continue to:

1. Drive
2. Lead active social lives

Question 191

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for people in old age, because:
1. The concept of old age is challenged by people who feel it has become a negative label, used to stigmatise the elderly.
2. Many older people continue to drive, lead active social lives and seek to use their later years to do what?

Answer 191

Age identity is not important for people in old age, because many older people:

1. Continue to drive, lead active social lives
2. Seek to use their later years to do things they couldn’t do in their youth

Question 192

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is not important for people in old age, because:
1. The concept of old age is challenged by people who feel it has become a negative label, used to stigmatise the elderly.
2. Many older people continue to drive, lead active social lives and seek to use their later years to do things they couldn’t do in their youth, for example what?

Answer 192

Age identity is not important for people in old age, because many older people:

1. Continue to drive, lead active social lives
2. Seek to use their later years to do things they couldn’t do in their youth, for example travel

Question 193

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for people in old age, because:
1. Old age is a what category?

Answer 193

Age identity is important for people in old age, because old age is a homogenous category

Question 194

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for people in old age, because:
1. Old age is a homogenous category and is associated with what?

Answer 194

Age identity is important for people in old age, because old age is:

1. A homogenous category
2. Associated with a number of cultural characteristics

Question 195

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of age identity, arguing that there are so many differences between individuals within each age category that the concept is meaningless.
Age identity is important for people in old age, because:
1. Old age is a homogenous category and is associated with a number of cultural characteristics, such as what, according to who (what year)?

Answer 195

Age identity is important for people in old age, because old age is a homogenous category and is associated with a number of cultural characteristics, such as:
1. Dependency
2. Loneliness
,according to Victor (2005)

Question 196

What did Aries do?

Answer 196

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past

Question 197

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found what?

Answer 197

Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults

Question 198

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from what?

Answer 198

Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference

Question 199

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports what?

Answer 199

Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports age identity not being important for the youth

Question 200

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports age identity not being important for the youth.
AO3 evaluation of Aries:
Aries has been criticised for arguing what?

Answer 200

Aries has been criticised for arguing that children didnt exist in the past

Question 201

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports age identity not being important for the youth.
AO3 evaluation of Aries:
Aries has been criticised for arguing that children didn’t exist in the past.
Who (what year) argues that society simply had a different what?

Answer 201

Linda Pollock (1985) argues that society simply had a different notion of childhood

Question 202

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports age identity not being important for the youth.
AO3 evaluation of Aries:
Aries has been criticised for arguing that children didn’t exist in the past.
Linda Pollock (1985) argues that society simply had a different notion of childhood.
This shows that childhood is what?

Answer 202

This shows that childhood is socially constructed

Question 203

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports age identity not being important for the youth.
AO3 evaluation of Aries:
Aries has been criticised for arguing that children didn’t exist in the past.
Linda Pollock (1985) argues that society simply had a different notion of childhood.
This shows that childhood is socially constructed.
Aries often overlooks what and romanticizes what?

Answer 203

Aries often:

1. Overlooks the conflicts and inequalities of the past
2. Romanticizes medieval life

Question 204

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports age identity not being important for the youth.
AO3 evaluation of Aries:
Aries has been criticised for arguing that children didn’t exist in the past.
Linda Pollock (1985) argues that society simply had a different notion of childhood.
This shows that childhood is socially constructed.
Aries often overlooks the conflicts and inequalities of the past and romanticizes medieval life.
Children are under what?

Answer 204

Children are under a great deal of pressure

Question 205

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports age identity not being important for the youth.
AO3 evaluation of Aries:
Aries has been criticised for arguing that children didn’t exist in the past.
Linda Pollock (1985) argues that society simply had a different notion of childhood.
This shows that childhood is socially constructed.
Aries often overlooks the conflicts and inequalities of the past and romanticizes medieval life.
Children are under a great deal of pressure (for example what)?

Answer 205

Children are under a great deal of pressure (for example exam pressure)

Question 206

Aries carried out research where he looked at paintings from the past.
Aries found that you couldn’t tell children apart from adults, only from the height difference, which supports age identity not being important for the youth.
AO3 evaluation of Aries:
Aries has been criticised for arguing that children didn’t exist in the past.
Linda Pollock (1985) argues that society simply had a different notion of childhood.
This shows that childhood is socially constructed.
Aries often overlooks the conflicts and inequalities of the past and romanticizes medieval life.
Children are under a great deal of pressure (for example exam pressure).
Aries’ use of methods as what is what?

Answer 206

Aries’ use of methods as paintings and diaries is:

1. Questionable
2. Not that accurate

Question 207

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Who (what year) argues that childhood has not disappeared?

Answer 207

Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared

Question 208

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared.
It is just more what?

Answer 208

It is just more complex

Question 209

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared.
It is just more complex, because what?

Answer 209

It is just more complex, because children have more:

1. Choices
2. Independence

Question 210

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared.
It is just more complex, because children have more choices and independence, despite being what?

Answer 210

It is just more complex, because children have more:
1. Choices
2. Independence
,despite being financially dependent on their parents

Question 211

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared.
It is just more complex, because children have more choices and independence, despite being financially dependent on their parents.
2. Who (what year) argues that children can and do create their own what?

Answer 211

Iona Opie (1993) argues that children:
1. Can
2. Do
create their own independent culture

Question 212

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared.
It is just more complex, because children have more choices and independence, despite being financially dependent on their parents.
2. Iona Opie (1993) argues that children can and do create their own independent culture separate from what?

Answer 212

Iona Opie (1993) argues that children:
1. Can
2. Do
create their own independent culture separate from that of adults

Question 213

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared.
It is just more complex, because children have more choices and independence, despite being financially dependent on their parents.
2. Iona Opie (1993) argues that children can and do create their own independent culture separate from that of adults.
3. What still makes children’s culture separate to adults?
There are own children’s what?

Answer 213

There are own children’s TV:

1. Channels
2. Shows

Question 214

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared.
It is just more complex, because children have more choices and independence, despite being financially dependent on their parents.
2. Iona Opie (1993) argues that children can and do create their own independent culture separate from that of adults.
3. What still makes children’s culture separate to adults?There are own children’s TV channels and shows, for example what?

Answer 214

There are own children’s TV:
1. Channels
2. Shows
,for example Disney Kids

Question 215

Is childhood disappearing?
No:
1. Lee (2000) argues that childhood has not disappeared.
It is just more complex, because children have more choices and independence, despite being financially dependent on their parents.
2. Iona Opie (1993) argues that children can and do create their own independent culture separate from that of adults.
3. What still makes children’s culture separate to adults?There are own children’s TV channels and shows, for example Disney Kids.
There are also kids’ what?

Answer 215

There are also kids’:

1. Menus in restaurants
2. Netflix
3. Snapchat

Question 216

What does Walby talk about?

Answer 216

Walby talks about intersectionality

Question 217

Walby talks about intersectionality.

What is this?

Answer 217

Intersectionality is the idea that it’s a combination of different aspects of your identity working together to affect your:

1. Identity
2. Experiences
3. Childhood

Question 218

Walby talks about intersectionality.
Intersectionality is the idea that it’s a combination of different aspects of your identity working together to affect your identity, your experiences and your childhood.
What are all interlinked?

Answer 218

CAGE are all interlinked