2.2: Conflict theories - Marxism

Question 1

Conflict theories

Answer 1

Conflict theories are ideas about society that regard society as being based on:
1. Inequality
rather than
2. Equality and consensus

Question 2

Marxism is a what theory?

Answer 2

Marxism is a:
1. Macro
2. Structural
2. Conflict
theory

Question 3

Capitalism

Answer 3

Capitalism is an:
1. Economic
2. Political
system

Question 4

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which what?

Answer 4

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s:
1. Trade
2. Industry
are controlled by private owners for profit

Question 5

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by what?

Answer 5

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s:
1. Trade
2. Industry
are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state (government)

Question 6

The upper class is usually what?

Answer 6

The upper class is usually:
1. British
2. White
3. Rich
men

Question 7

The upper class is usually British, white, rich men.
There are no what in the upper class?

Answer 7

There are no:
1. Women
2. Working class or lower class
Or,
3. Ethnic minorities
in the upper class

Question 8

What is the opposite of Capitalism?

Answer 8

Communism is the opposite of Capitalism

Question 9

Communism

Answer 9

Communism is a theory or system of social organisation in which:

1. All property is owned by the community
2. Each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs

Question 10

Where does Communism exist today?

Answer 10

Communism exists today in some countries such as:

1. China
2. Vietnam
3. North Korea
4. Cuba

Question 11

Most societies are what?

Answer 11

Most societies are Capitalist

Question 12

Most societies are Capitalist; very few are what?

Answer 12

Most societies are Capitalist; very few are Communist

Question 13

What is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology?

Answer 13

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology

Question 14

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of who?

Answer 14

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the:
1. German writer
2. Political revolutionary
Karl Marx

Question 15

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (what years)?

Answer 15

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the:
1. German writer
2. Political revolutionary
Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)

Question 16

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from who, are based on what?

Answer 16

Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple:
1. Hunting
2. Gathering
societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not

Question 17

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of what, such as the UK and the US, as what?

Answer 17

Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the:
1. UK
2. US
,as capitalist societies

Question 18

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a what?

Answer 18

They are based on a:

1. Ruling class of capitalists
2. Working class

Question 19

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who do what, and a working class?

Answer 19

They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who:
1. Own capital or wealth
2. Invest it in running businesses to make a profit
,and a working class

Question 20

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising what?

Answer 20

They are based on a:

1. Ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit
2. Working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth

Question 21

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to do what for wages?

Answer 21

They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who:

1. Have little or no wealth
2. Therefore have to work for wages

Question 22

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.
Marx argued that this a what system?

Answer 22

Marx argued that this is an:
1. Unequal
2. Exploitative
system

Question 23

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.
Marx argued that this is an unequal and exploitative system, in which most of the profits created by businesses go to where?

Answer 23

Marx argued that this is an:
1. Unequal
2. Exploitative
system, in which most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists)

Question 24

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.
Marx argued that this is an unequal and exploitative system, in which most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists), while the labour (or work) to create this wealth is performed by who?

Answer 24

Marx argued that this an unequal and exploitative system, in which:
1. Most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists)
,while
2. The labour (or work) to create this wealth is performed by the workers

Question 25

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.
Marx argued that this is an unequal and exploitative system, in which most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists), while the labour (or work) to create this wealth is performed by the workers.
Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of what?

Answer 25

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position

Question 26

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would do what?

Answer 26

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and:

1. Overthrow capitalism
2. Create a communist society

Question 27

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and would create a communist society, where the means of production would be what?

Answer 27

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and would create a communist society, where the means of production would be:

1. Taken over by the workers
2. Run for the benefit of everyone

Question 28

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and would create a communist society, where the means of production (such as what) would be taken over by the workers and run for the benefit of everyone?

Answer 28

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and would create a communist society, where the means of production (such as:
1. Farms
2. Factories
3. Other businesses)
would be taken over by the workers and run for the benefit of everyone

Question 29

Marxists today see capitalist societies are being just as unequal and exploitative as they were when?

Answer 29

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as:
1. Unequal
2. Exploitative
as they were in the 19th century

Question 30

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most what societies, there is little sign of the what that Marx foresaw as inevitable?

Answer 30

Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable

Question 31

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as who (what year) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by doing what?

Answer 31

Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived:
1. Not simply by forcing workers to accept the system
,but
2. By developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs)

Question 32

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that do what?

Answer 32

Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify:

1. The capitalist system
2. Its class ideologies

Question 33

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include what?

Answer 33

Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include:

1. The education system
2. Mass media
3. Families
4. Even religious organisations

Question 34

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
Example

Answer 34

For example, the media in the form of:
1. TV
2. Newspapers
3. Cinema
4. Pop music
helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable

Question 35

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable and also encourage them to see what as a priority?

Answer 35

For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to:

1. Entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable
2. Also encourage them to see the consumption of goods created by capitalist businesses as a priority

Question 36

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable and also encourage them to see the consumption of goods created by capitalist businesses as a priority.
All of this diverts attention away from what in society?

Answer 36

All of this diverts attention away from the real inequalities in society

Question 37

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable and also encourage them to see the consumption of goods created by capitalist businesses as a priority.
All of this diverts attention away from the real inequalities in society and creates what Marx called what?

Answer 37

All of this:

1. Diverts attention away from the real inequalities in society
2. Creates what Marx called ‘false consciousness’

Question 38

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable and also encourage them to see the consumption of goods created by capitalist businesses as a priority.
All of this diverts attention away from the real inequalities in society and creates what Marx called ‘false consciousness.’
‘False consciousness’ is whereby the working class cannot see what and are unaware of what?

Answer 38

‘False consciousness’ is whereby the working class:

1. Cannot see any alternative to the existing system
2. Are unaware of the exploitation

Question 39

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on what?

Answer 39

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society

Question 40

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society, particularly the way in which what?

Answer 40

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society, particularly the way in which the economic system shapes other aspects of society

Question 41

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society, particularly the way in which the economic system shapes other aspects of society, such as what?

Answer 41

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society, particularly the way in which the economic system shapes other aspects of society, such as:

1. Families
2. Schools
3. The mass media

Question 42

The superstructure includes what?

Answer 42

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society

Question 43

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example what?

Answer 43

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example:

1. Families
2. The education system

Question 44

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example families and the education system, and is shaped by what?

Answer 44

The superstructure:

1. Includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example families and the education system
2. Is shaped by the requirements of the infrastructure

Question 45

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example families and the education system, and is shaped by the requirements of the infrastructure.
The infrastructure is what?

Answer 45

The infrastructure is the economic system that provides for people’s material needs

Question 46

In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideologies) help to maintain their position of power.
Cultural values are dominated by ruling class ideas and values.
Marxists also examine the role of what in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism?

Answer 46

Marxists also examine the role of:
1. Mass media
2. Advertising
in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism

Question 47

In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideologies) help to maintain their position of power.
Cultural values are dominated by ruling class ideas and values.
Marxists also examine the role of mass media and advertising in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism.
This produces false needs and helps to divert attention away from exploitation.
Marxists talk about commodity fetishism.
What is commodity fetishism?

Answer 47

Commodity fetishism is the idea that people worship consumer goods

Question 48

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example families and the education system, and is shaped by the requirements of the infrastructure.
The infrastructure is the economic system that provides for people’s material needs.
The what are shaped by the economy to control the what and further the what?

Answer 48

The law, the family, religion and the education system are shaped by the economy to:

1. Control the proletariat
2. Further the gains of the bourgeoisie

Question 49

The proletariat

Answer 49

The proletariat is the working class

Question 50

The bourgeoise

Answer 50

The bourgeoise is the capitalist upper class

Question 51

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from when onwards?

Answer 51

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards

Question 52

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more what view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism?

Answer 52

Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism

Question 53

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since when, social inequalities have widened where?

Answer 53

Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies

Question 54

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on what, offers a plausible explanation of this?

Answer 54

Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this

Question 55

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
Example

Answer 55

For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests

Question 56

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests.
It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still do what under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it?

Answer 56

It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still enjoy a much higher standard of living under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it

Question 57

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests.
It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still enjoy a much higher standard of living under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it.
Marxism also mainly focuses on what of class?

Answer 57

Marxism also mainly focuses on what Marxism also mainly focuses on:
1. Divisions
2. Inequalities
of class

Question 58

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests.
It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still enjoy a much higher standard of living under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it.
Marxism also mainly focuses on divisions and inequalities of class.
Other sociologists have argued that other forms of inequality may also create what in society?

Answer 58

Other sociologists have argued that other forms of inequality may also create significant:
1. Divisions
2. Conflicts
in society

Question 59

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests.
It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still enjoy a much higher standard of living under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it.
Marxism also mainly focuses on divisions and inequalities of class.
Other sociologists have argued that other forms of inequality may also create significant divisions and conflicts in society, such as those based on what?

Answer 59

Other sociologists have argued that other forms of inequality may also create significant divisions and conflicts in society, such as those based on:

1. Gender
2. Nationalism
3. Ethnicity
4. Religion

Question 60

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are based how?

Answer 60

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based

Question 61

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
What does this mean?

Answer 61

This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs

Question 62

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as what?

Answer 62

This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as:

1. Food
2. Clothing
3. Shelter

Question 63

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
What is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs?

Answer 63

Culture is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs

Question 64

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
Culture is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs.
Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the what class) has done what?

Answer 64

Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the ruling class) has:

1. Taken control of the way in which the economy is organised
2. Exploited the remainder of society to carry out the production

Question 65

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
Culture is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs.
Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the ruling class) has taken control of the way in which the economy is organised and has exploited the remainder of society (the what) to carry out the production?

Answer 65

Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the ruling class) has:

1. Taken control of the way in which the economy is organised
2. Exploited the remainder of society (the subject class) to carry out the production

Question 66

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
Culture is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs.
Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the ruling class) has taken control of the way in which the economy is organised and has exploited the remainder of society (the subject class) to carry out the production.
What does this cause?

Answer 66

This causes a conflict of interests between these 2 classes

Question 67

In a capitalist society, the ruling class what help to maintain their position of power?

Answer 67

In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideology) help to maintain their position of power

Question 68

In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideology) help to maintain their position of power.
What are cultural values dominated by?

Answer 68

Cultural values are dominated by ruling class:

1. Ideas
2. Values

Question 69

In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideology) help to maintain their position of power.
Cultural values are dominated by ruling class ideas and values.
Marx argued that the role of social institutions such as the family, education system and the media is to do what?

Answer 69

Marx argued that the role of social institutions such as the family, education system and the media is to socialise the working class into accepting ruling class culture

Question 70

Marxists also examine the role of what in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism?

Answer 70

Marxists also examine the role of:
1. Mass media
2. Advertising
in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism

Question 71

Marxists also examine the role of mass media and advertising in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism.
What does this produce?

Answer 71

This produces false needs

Question 72

Marxists also examine the role of mass media and advertising in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism.
This produces false needs and helps to do what?

Answer 72

This:

1. Produces false needs
2. Helps to divert attention away from exploitation

Question 73

Marxists also examine the role of mass media and advertising in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism.
This produces false needs and helps to divert attention away from exploitation.
Marxists talk about the concept of what?

Answer 73

Marxists talk about the concept of commodity fetishism