1.2: The nature/nurture debate Flashcards
Culture (and therefore norms and values associated with culture) is learned.
Socialisation is the process of learning the norms and values of society.
One example is to consider what?
One example is to consider how we expect:
1. Men
2. Women
to behave in our culture
Culture (and therefore norms and values associated with culture) is learned.
Socialisation is the process of learning the norms and values of society.
One example is to consider how we expect men and women to behave in our culture.
We are what into our gender roles?
We are socialised into our gender roles
Culture (and therefore norms and values associated with culture) is learned.
Socialisation is the process of learning the norms and values of society.
One example is to consider how we expect men and women to behave in our culture.
We are socialised into our gender roles.
What does this mean?
This means that they are learned
What has made you the person you are?
Is it your genes (nature) or your upbringing (nurture)?
This has been debated for many years.
Most sociologists would argue that nurture is more important than nature.
Some aspects of culture are clearly learned, because we are not born knowing what?
Some aspects of culture are clearly learned, because we are not born knowing:
- Norms
- Values
Some aspects of culture are clearly learned, because we are not born knowing norms and values.
Norms and values vary between and within different societies and they also change over time.
However, what about other ‘human’ characteristics, such as what?
What about other ‘human’ characteristics, such as:
- Walking upright
- Chewing food
- Being social with others?
Some aspects of culture are clearly learned, because we are not born knowing norms and values.
Norms and values vary between and within different societies and they also change over time.
However, what about gender differences, such as what?
What about gender differences, such as:
- Males being more aggressive and competitive
- Females being more emotional
Some aspects of culture are clearly learned, because we are not born knowing norms and values.
Norms and values vary between and within different societies and they also change over time.
However, what about personality traits, such as what?
What about personality traits, such as:
- Intelligence
- Aggression
- Kindness
Some aspects of culture are clearly learned, because we are not born knowing norms and values.
Norms and values vary between and within different societies and they also change over time.
However, what about other ‘human’ characteristics, such as walking upright, chewing food and being social with others?
What about personality traits, such as intelligence, aggression and kindness?
What about gender differences, such as males being more aggressive and competitive and females being more emotional?
Are these things natural, or are they learned?
It is very hard to prove how much of your behaviour is what and how much is what?
It is very hard to prove how much of your behaviour is: 1. Biological Or, 2. Innate and how much is learned
Some aspects of culture are clearly learned, because we are not born knowing norms and values.
Norms and values vary between and within different societies and they also change over time.
However, what about other ‘human’ characteristics, such as walking upright, chewing food and being social with others?
What about personality traits, such as intelligence, aggression and kindness?
What about gender differences, such as males being more aggressive and competitive and females being more emotional?
Are these things natural, or are they learned?
It is very hard to prove how much of your behaviour is biological, or innate and how much is learned, because most people are brought up by who?
It is very hard to prove how much of your behaviour is:
1. Biological
Or,
2. Innate
and how much is learned, because most people are brought up by their biological parents
The difference between biological and social factors is sometimes described as the nature vs nurture debate, the extent to which what?
The difference between biological and social factors is sometimes described as the nature vs nurture debate, the extent to which:
1. Natural inborn factors influence an individual’s life chances
compared with
2. The influence of social factors that society itself creates
Supporters of nature argue that our genes are a major influence on what?
Supporters of nature argue that genes are a major influence on:
- Our intelligence and behaviour
- Therefore our culture
Supporters of nurture argue that what are learned through what?
Supporters of nurture argue that our: 1. Intelligence 2. Behaviour 3. Culture are learned through a complex process known as socialisation
Feral children
Feral children are children who have grown up without the usual:
1. Human parenting
Or,
2. Socialisation processes
Feral children are children who have grown up without the usual human parenting or socialisation processes.
This includes no, or little, experience of what?
This includes no, or little, experience of:
- Human care
- Loving or social behaviour
- Crucially, of human language
What does the world ‘feral’ mean?
The word ‘feral’ means:
1. Wild
Or,
2. Undomesticated
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had what parents?
Oxana had alcoholic parents
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From how old until she was how many years old, she lived where with who?
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
What did Oxana copy?
Oxana copied the habits of dogs -
- Walking on all fours
- Biting
- Barking
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
Oxana copied the habits of dogs - Walking on all fours, biting and barking.
The dogs did what when she was younger?
The dogs breastfed her when she was younger
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
Oxana copied the habits of dogs - Walking on all fours, biting and barking.
The dogs breastfed her when she was younger and then did what when she got older?
The dogs:
- Breastfed her when she was younger
- Then shared their food with her when she got older
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
Oxana copied the habits of dogs - Walking on all fours, biting and barking.
The dogs breastfed her when she was younger and then shared their food with her when she got older.
Could Oxana speak?
Oxana:
1. Couldn’t speak
Or,
2. Hardly spoke
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
Oxana copied the habits of dogs - Walking on all fours, biting and barking.
The dogs breastfed her when she was younger and then shared their food with her when she got older.
Oxana couldn’t speak, or hardly spoke, but did what later on?
Oxana: 1. Couldn't speak Or, 2. Hardly spoke ,but learnt it later on
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
Oxana copied the habits of dogs - Walking on all fours, biting and barking.
The dogs breastfed her when she was younger and then shared their food with her when she got older.
Oxana couldn’t speak, or hardly spoke, but learnt it later on.
This story was widely reported some years ago, but later evidence does what?
This story was widely reported some years ago, but later evidence casts doubts on its credibility
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
Oxana copied the habits of dogs - Walking on all fours, biting and barking.
The dogs breastfed her when she was younger and then shared their food with her when she got older.
Oxana couldn’t speak, or hardly spoke, but learnt it later on.
This story was widely reported some years ago, but later evidence casts doubts on its credibility.
Footage of her where was released and she was running on all fours and barking?
Footage of Oxana in a children’s home in the Ukraine was released and she was:
- Running on all fours
- Barking
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
Oxana copied the habits of dogs - Walking on all fours, biting and barking.
The dogs breastfed her when she was younger and then shared their food with her when she got older.
Oxana couldn’t speak, or hardly spoke, but learnt it later on.
This story was widely reported some years ago, but later evidence casts doubts on its credibility.
Footage of Oxana in a children’s home in the Ukraine was released and she was running on all fours and barking.
Her parents were blamed for abuse.
However, later evidence suggests that actually some of this behaviour may have been learned where?
Later evidence suggests that actually some of this behaviour may have been learned in the children’s home itself
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
Oxana had alcoholic parents.
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
Oxana copied the habits of dogs - Walking on all fours, biting and barking.
The dogs breastfed her when she was younger and then shared their food with her when she got older.
Oxana couldn’t speak, or hardly spoke, but learnt it later on.
This story was widely reported some years ago, but later evidence casts doubts on its credibility.
Footage of Oxana in a children’s home in the Ukraine was released and she was running on all fours and barking.
Her parents were blamed for abuse.
However, later evidence suggests that actually some of this behaviour may have been learned in the children’s home itself, where care was what?
Later evidence suggests that actually some of this behaviour may have been learned in the children’s home itself, where care was allegedly very poor
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
This story was widely reported some years ago, but later evidence casts doubts on its credibility.
Footage of Oxana in a children’s home in the Ukraine was released and she was running on all fours and barking.
Her parents were blamed for abuse.
However, later evidence suggests that actually some of this behaviour may have been learned in the children’s home itself, where care was allegedly very poor.
It is also alleged that the dog-like behaviour seen had already been what by the time the famous footage was shot?
It is also alleged that the dog-like behaviour seen had already been ‘unlearned’ by the time the famous footage was shot
Case study 1, Oxana Malaya:
From 3 years old until she was 8 years old, Oxana lived in kennels with dogs.
This story was widely reported some years ago, but later evidence casts doubts on its credibility.
Footage of Oxana in a children’s home in the Ukraine was released and she was running on all fours and barking.
Her parents were blamed for abuse.
However, later evidence suggests that actually some of this behaviour may have been learned in the children’s home itself, where care was allegedly very poor.
It is also alleged that the dog-like behaviour seen had already been ‘unlearned’ by the time the famous footage was shot and that Oxana was asked to do what?
It is also alleged that:
- The dog-like behaviour seen had already been ‘unlearned’ by the time the famous footage was shot
- Oxana was asked to put it on for the cameras
