1.1: Norms and values Flashcards
What makes each culture distinctive are what?
What makes each culture distinctive are the:
1. Norms
2. Values
associated with it
Values
Values are beliefs and ideas that:
- Society sees as important
- Are accepted by the majority of society
Values are beliefs and ideas that society sees as important and are accepted by the majority of society.
Values are things that what?
Values are things that:
- We believe in
- Strive to achieve
- Guide our behaviour
You should always do your research of where you are going and their norms, because what?
You should always do your research of where you are going and their norms, because cultural ignorance can be:
- Expensive
- Offensive
Values are beliefs and ideas that society sees as important and are accepted by the majority of society.
Values are things that we believe in, strive to achieve and guide our behaviour.
Example
For example, in the UK we value:
- Life
- Success
- Hygiene
- Family
- More
Norms
Norms are expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture
Norms are expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture.
Example
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to:
- Wear clothes when in public
- Eat food with a knife and fork
- Join the back of a queue
- Obey rules or laws
Norms are expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture.
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to wear clothes when in public, based on the value of what, to eat food with a knife and fork, to join the back of a queue and to obey rules or laws?
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to:
- Wear clothes when in public, based on the value of modesty
- Eat food with a knife and fork
- Join the back of a queue
- Obey rules or laws
Norms are expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture.
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to wear clothes when in public, based on the value of modesty, to eat food with a knife and fork, based on the values of what, to join the back of a queue and to obey rules or laws?
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to:
- Wear clothes when in public, based on the value of modesty
- Eat food with a knife and fork, based on the values of hygiene and manners
- Join the back of a queue
- Obey rules or laws
Norms are expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture.
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to wear clothes when in public, based on the value of modesty, to eat food with a knife and fork, based on the values of hygiene and manners, to join the back of a queue, based on the values of what, and to obey rules or laws?
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to:
- Wear clothes when in public, based on the value of modesty
- Eat food with a knife and fork, based on the values of hygiene and manners
- Join the back of a queue, based on the values of order, politeness and fairness
- Obey rules or laws
Norms are expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture.
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to wear clothes when in public, based on the value of modesty, to eat food with a knife and fork, based on the values of hygiene and manners, to join the back of a queue, based on the values of order, politeness and fairness, and to obey rules or laws, based on the values of what?
For example, in the UK, it is a norm to:
- Wear clothes when in public, based on the value of modesty
- Eat food with a knife and fork, based on the values of hygiene and manners
- Join the back of a queue, based on the values of order, politeness and fairness
- Obey rules or laws, based on the values of order, respect and obedience
Norms are expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture.
In UK culture, there are certain norms and values that most people follow.
These may be different from what?
These may be different from the:
1. Norms
2. Values
in other cultures
Within any culture, everyday events have certain norms and values associated with them that we all know about and follow.
For example, being at school.
The values associated with it include what?
The values associated with being at school include:
- Educational achievement
- Obedience
- Respect
- Conformity
Within any culture, everyday events have certain norms and values associated with them that we all know about and follow.
For example, being at school.
The norms associated with it include what?
The norms associated with being at school include:
- Wearing the school uniform
- Sitting down
- Obeying the teacher
- Listening
Norms are linked to values.
The norms and values of any culture are relative.
This means that they are not what?
This means that they are not:
- Fixed
- The same for all people and in all situations
Norms are linked to values.
The norms and values of any culture are relative.
This means that they are not fixed and are not the same for all people and in all situations.
Example
For example, wearing clothes is a norm in UK culture when you are in public, but it would not be a norm if you are in the shower
Norms and values can also do what over time?
- Norms
- Values
can also change over time
Norms and values can also change over time.
Example
For example, smoking used to be the norm in:
1. Pubs
2. Many other social situations
,whereas it is now becoming more and more deviant to smoke
The norms associated with the value of wealth
The norms associated with the value of wealth are to:
- Pay your taxes
- Distribute some of your money to the poor
The norms associated with the value of education
The norms associated with the value of education are for everyone to attend school
The norms associated with the value of honesty
The norms associated with the value of honesty are to be honest when:
- Speaking in front of the courts
- Taking certain oaths
The norms associated with the value of honesty are to be honest when speaking in front of the courts and when taking certain oaths, like what?
The norms associated with the value of honesty are to be honest when:
- Speaking in front of the courts
- Taking certain oaths, like when joining the British Army
The norms associated with the value of privacy
The norms associated with the value of privacy are:
- To respect other people’s personal privacy
- That reporters can’t invade people’s personal privacy
The norms associated with the value of respect for human life
The norms associated with the value of respect for human life are to not kill anyone
The norms associated with the value of consideration towards others
The norms associated with the value of consideration towards others are to:
- Be tolerant
- Respect other people’s beliefs
Why are norms relative?
Norms are relative, because they depend on factors such as: 1. Time 2. Culture 3. Country 4. Situation 5. Laws 6. Values ect
Norms are relative, because they depend on factors such as time, culture, country, situation, laws, values, ect.
Why are norms and values socially constructed?
Norms and values are socially constructed, because they are:
1. Created
2. Developed
by society
Where was the Nayar culture, prior to what?
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Who (what year) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research?
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
She found that before puberty, Nayar girls were what?
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband what?
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband:
- Did not live with his wife
- Was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one what to her tali husband?
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death.
Once the girl reached or neared puberty, she began to take what?
Once the girl: 1. Reached Or, 2. Neared puberty, she began to take a number of visiting husbands
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death.
Once the girl reached or neared puberty, she began to take a number of visiting husbands or what?
Once the girl reached, or neared puberty, she began to take a number of:
1. Visiting husbands
Or,
2. ‘Sandbanham’ husbands
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death.
Once the girl reached or neared puberty, she began to take a number of visiting husbands or ‘sandbanham’ husbands.
The Nayar men were usually what?
The Nayar men were usually professional warriors who spent long periods of time away from their villages acting as mercenaries, as soldiers
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death.
Once the girl reached or neared puberty, she began to take a number of visiting husbands or ‘sandbanham’ husbands.
The Nayar men were usually professional warriors who spent long periods of time away from their villages acting as mercenaries, as soldiers.
During their time in the villages, they were allowed to do what?
During their time in the villages, Nayar men were allowed to visit any number of Nayar women who:
- Had undergone the tali-rite ceremony
- Were members of the same or lower caste as themselves
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death.
Once the girl reached or neared puberty, she began to take a number of visiting husbands or ‘sandbanham’ husbands.
The Nayar men were usually professional warriors who spent long periods of time away from their villages acting as mercenaries, as soldiers.
During their time in the villages, they were allowed to visit any number of Nayar women who had undergone the tali-rite ceremony and who were members of the same or lower caste as themselves.
With the agreement of the woman involved, the sandbanham husband did what?
With the agreement of the woman involved, the sandbanham husband:
- Arrived at the homes of the wives after supper
- Had sexual intercourse with her
- Left before breakfast the next morning
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death.
Once the girl reached or neared puberty, she began to take a number of visiting husbands or ‘sandbanham’ husbands.
The Nayar men were usually professional warriors who spent long periods of time away from their villages acting as mercenaries, as soldiers.
During their time in the villages, they were allowed to visit any number of Nayar women who had undergone the tali-rite ceremony and who were members of the same or lower caste as themselves.
With the agreement of the woman involved, the sandbanham husband arrived at the homes of the wives after supper, had sexual intercourse with her and left before breakfast the next morning.
During his stay he did what to show the other sandbanham husbands that he was there?
During his stay he placed his weapons outside the house to show the other sandbanham husbands that he was there
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death.
Once the girl reached or neared puberty, she began to take a number of visiting husbands or ‘sandbanham’ husbands.
The Nayar men were usually professional warriors who spent long periods of time away from their villages acting as mercenaries, as soldiers.
During their time in the villages, they were allowed to visit any number of Nayar women who had undergone the tali-rite ceremony and who were members of the same or lower caste as themselves.
With the agreement of the woman involved, the sandbanham husband arrived at the homes of the wives after supper, had sexual intercourse with her and left before breakfast the next morning.
During his stay he placed his weapons outside the house to show the other sandbanham husbands that he was there.
Men could have how many numbers of wives?
Men could have unlimited numbers of wives
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Kathleen Gough found that before puberty, Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man in the tali-rite ceremony.
After the ritual marriage had taken place however, the tali husband did not live with his wife and was under no obligation to have emotional or physical contact with her whatsoever.
The wife owed only one duty to her tali husband - She had to attend his funeral to mourn his death.
Once the girl reached or neared puberty, she began to take a number of visiting husbands or ‘sandbanham’ husbands.
The Nayar men were usually professional warriors who spent long periods of time away from their villages acting as mercenaries, as soldiers.
During their time in the villages, they were allowed to visit any number of Nayar women who had undergone the tali-rite ceremony and who were members of the same or lower caste as themselves.
With the agreement of the woman involved, the sandbanham husband arrived at the homes of the wives after supper, had sexual intercourse with her and left before breakfast the next morning.
During his stay he placed his weapons outside the house to show the other sandbanham husbands that he was there.
Men could have unlimited numbers of wives, though women were limited to how many?
Men could have unlimited numbers of wives, though women were limited to no more than 12 vising husbands
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Sandbanham relationships were unlike marriages in most societies in a number of ways:
1. The marriage was not what?
The marriage was not a lifelong union full of companionship
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Sandbanham relationships were unlike marriages in most societies in a number of ways:
1. The marriage was not a lifelong union full of companionship and either party could do what at any time?
The marriage was not a lifelong union full of companionship and either party could terminate the relationship at any time
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Sandbanham relationships were unlike marriages in most societies in a number of ways:
1. The marriage was not a lifelong union full of companionship and either party could terminate the relationship at any time.
2. Sandbanham husbands had no duty towards what?
Sandbanham husbands had no duty towards:
- Their biological children
- Other offspring of their wife
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Sandbanham relationships were unlike marriages in most societies in a number of ways:
1. The marriage was not a lifelong union full of companionship and either party could terminate the relationship at any time.
2. Sandbanham husbands had no duty towards their biological children and other offspring of their wife.
3. When a woman became pregnant, it was essential according to the Nayar custom that what?
When a woman became pregnant, it was essential according to the Nayar custom that a man of appropriate caste declared himself the father of the child by paying a fee of:
1. Cloth
2. Vegetables
to the midwife who attended the birth
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Sandbanham relationships were unlike marriages in most societies in a number of ways:
1. The marriage was not a lifelong union full of companionship and either party could terminate the relationship at any time.
2. Sandbanham husbands had no duty towards their biological children and other offspring of their wife.
3. When a woman became pregnant, it was essential according to the Nayar custom that a man of appropriate caste declared himself the father of the child by paying a fee of cloth and vegetables to the midwife who attended the birth.
However, it mattered little whether what?
It mattered little whether he was:
1. The biological father
Or,
2. Not
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Sandbanham relationships were unlike marriages in most societies in a number of ways:
1. The marriage was not a lifelong union full of companionship and either party could terminate the relationship at any time.
2. Sandbanham husbands had no duty towards their biological children and other offspring of their wife.
3. When a woman became pregnant, it was essential according to the Nayar custom that a man of appropriate caste declared himself the father of the child by paying a fee of cloth and vegetables to the midwife who attended the birth.
However, it mattered little whether he was the biological father or not, as long as what?
It mattered little whether he was: 1. The biological father Or, 2. Not ,as long as someone claimed to be the father
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
Sandbanham relationships were unlike marriages in most societies in a number of ways:
1. The marriage was not a lifelong union full of companionship and either party could terminate the relationship at any time.
2. Sandbanham husbands had no duty towards their biological children and other offspring of their wife.
3. When a woman became pregnant, it was essential according to the Nayar custom that a man of appropriate caste declared himself the father of the child by paying a fee of cloth and vegetables to the midwife who attended the birth.
However, it mattered little whether he was the biological father or not, as long as someone claimed to be the father.
It didn’t matter who claimed to be the father, because Nayar men did not do what?
It didn't matter who claimed to be the father, because Nayar men did not help to: 1. Maintain Or, 2. Socialise the child
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
The key differences between British culture (way of living) and the Nayar culture (way of living):
1. You don’t have to do what in Britain?
You don’t have to get married in Britain
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
The key differences between British culture (way of living) and the Nayar culture (way of living):
1. You don’t have to get married in Britain.
2. In Britain, both parents are responsible for what?
In Britain, both parents are responsible for bringing up the child
The Nayar culture was in Kerala in Southern India, prior to the British Rule being established in 1792.
Kathleen Gough (1968) has provided a detailed description of Nayar society in her sociological research.
The key differences between British culture (way of living) and the Nayar culture (way of living):
1. You don’t have to get married in Britain.
2. In Britain, both parents are responsible for bringing up the child.
3. In Britain, you are allowed to have sexual intercourse with who?
In Britain, you are allowed to have sexual intercourse with people of a: 1. Lower Or, 2. The same ,but also 3. Higher class than you
Who studied several what cultures when?
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
What was one area that Mead studied?
One area that Mead studied was:
1. Male and female behaviour
2. Gender role expectations
in different tribes
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from what at the time?
Mead found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
Example
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were:
- Gentle
- Cooperative
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were gentle and cooperative.
In contrast, both genders in the what tribe were what?
In contrast, both genders in the Mundugumor tribe were:
- Violent
- Aggressive
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were gentle and cooperative.
In contrast, both genders in the Mundugumor tribe were violent and aggressive.
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the what tribe?
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli tribe
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were gentle and cooperative.
In contrast, both genders in the Mundugumor tribe were violent and aggressive.
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled how) tribe?
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled Chambri) tribe
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were gentle and cooperative.
In contrast, both genders in the Mundugumor tribe were violent and aggressive.
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled Chambri) tribe, where what?
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled Chambri) tribe, where:
1. Males
2. Females
were different from each other
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were gentle and cooperative.
In contrast, both genders in the Mundugumor tribe were violent and aggressive.
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled Chambri) tribe, where males and females were different from each other, but what?
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled Chambri) tribe, where males and females were different from each other, but roles were almost the opposite of those expected in the:
- US
- UK
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were gentle and cooperative.
In contrast, both genders in the Mundugumor tribe were violent and aggressive.
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled Chambri) tribe, where males and females were different from each other, but roles were almost the opposite of those expected in the US and the UK.
Describe the women
The women were:
- Dominant and aggressive
- Not much involved in childbearing
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were gentle and cooperative.
In contrast, both genders in the Mundugumor tribe were violent and aggressive.
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled Chambri) tribe, where males and females were different from each other, but roles were almost the opposite of those expected in the US and the UK.
The women were dominant and aggressive and not much involved in childbearing, whereas the men what?
The women were dominant and aggressive and not much involved in childbearing, whereas the men:
- Were timid
- Emotionally dependent
- Spent their time decorating themselves
Margaret Mead studied several tribal cultures in the first half of the 20th century.
One area that Mead studied was male and female behaviour and gender role expectations in different tribes.
She found that these were very different from the gender role expectations in the US at the time.
For example, in the Arapesh tribe, both males and females were gentle and cooperative.
In contrast, both genders in the Mundugumor tribe were violent and aggressive.
Perhaps the most remarkable tribe Mead studied was the Tchambuli (now spelled Chambri) tribe, where males and females were different from each other, but roles were almost the opposite of those expected in the US and the UK.
The women were dominant and aggressive and not much involved in childbearing, whereas the men were timid, emotionally dependent and spent their time decorating themselves.
Aggressive men were considered what?
Aggressive men were considered ‘abnormal’
