3.12 Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) Flashcards
Name all the PEDs
.Anabolic Steroids
.Stimulants
.Beta blockers
.Diuretics
.Narcotic analgesics (painkillers)
.Peptide hormones
.Growth hormones
.Blood doping
What are anabolic steroids?
A man-made copy of male hormone testosterone, which stimulates muscle growth.
What are the benefits of anabolic steroids?
.Faster recovery time
.Increase in muscle mass, improving performance in sports that need strength, muscular endurance and power
What are the drawbacks of anabolic steroids?
.Increased risk of disease, including liver cancer and organ damage, and increased risk of injury, especially tearing tendons
.Increased risk of hair loss and acne
.Increased risk of high blood pressure
.Can affect emotional health, increasing aggressive behaviour and depression
.Increased risk of enlarged breasts in men and facial hair and deep voice in women, and increased risk of infertility
What are stimulants?
Stimulants are substances that act directly on the central nervous system, speeding up parts of the brain and body.
What are the benefits of stimulants?
.Increase in alertness, making a performer able to concentrate better for longer
.Increase in energy, prolonging performance
What are the drawbacks of stimulants?
.Increase in aggression
.Increase in HR and blood pressure
.Can become addictive
What do beta blockers do?
They block the effect of adrenaline and reduce heart rate
What are the benefits of beta blockers?
.Reduction in anxiety allows athletes to stay calm and maintain focus.
.Make a performers hand steadier, which can be of benefit in sports like snooker, darts, archery and shooting.
What are the drawbacks of beta blockers?
.Lowering heart rate too much can be dangerous. It can lead to heart failure.
What do diuretics do?
They increase volume of urine removed from the body
What are the benefits of diuretics?
.Increase in weight loss, which can be of value in sports with weight categories, such as boxing and wrestling.
.Make it difficult to detect other banned substances because traces of substances in the urine pass out of body quickly.
What are the drawbacks of diuretics?
.Increased risk of dehydration
.Increased risk of kidney failure
.Increased risk of heart failure
.Increased risk of muscle cramps
.Increased risk of headaches
.Increased risk of dizziness
What do narcotic analgesics (painkillers) do?
Relieve pain
What are the benefits of narcotic analgesics?
.Allow a performer to compete even when they are ill, injured or in pain
What are the drawbacks of narcotic analgesics?
.Can effect concentration, balance and coordination
.Increased pain threshold may lead to further injury
.Can become addictive
What are Peptide hormones? (Erythropoietin)
Erythropoietin, known as EPO, is a peptide hormone. It is produced naturally by the kidneys to regulate red blood cells. It can be artificially manufactured and injected.
What are the benefits of peptide hormones?
.The more red blood cells a performer has, the more oxygen is carried to their working muscles. This improves a performer’s aerobic capacity. It means they can perform longer before fatigue sets in and their recovery time is shorter
What are the drawbacks of peptide hormones?
.The blood becomes thicker, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
What are growth hormones?
GH are produce naturally by the body to stimulate the growth of muscle, cartilage and bone. It can be artificially manufactured and injected.
What are the benefits of growth hormones?
.Increase in muscle size and mass, leading to an increase in strength
.Increase in metabolic rate, which helps the body to burn more fat
.Speeds up recovery from muscle fatigue and injury
What are the drawbacks of growth hormones?
.Increased risk of muscle and joint pain
.Increased risk of fluid retention, which causes swelling
What is blood doping?
Injecting oxygenated blood
What are the benefits of blood doping?
.More oxygen is transported to the working muscles, increasing endurance and allowing the performer to train longer
What are the drawbacks of blood doping?
.High risk of kidney failure
.High risk of blood borne infections such as HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C
.Increased risk of blood clots
.Increased risk of allergic reaction
