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Microbiology > 3 - Microscopy > Flashcards

3 - Microscopy Flashcards

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1
Q

The ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail and structures is called
a. illumination
b. magnification
c. refractive index
d. resolution

A

d. resolution

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2
Q

Which microscope would you choose to view the cellular contents of a microbe in its natural state?
a. compound light microscope
b. phase-contrast microscope
c. darkfield microscope
d. electron microscope

A

b. phase-contrast microscope

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3
Q

Which microscope uses an ultraviolet light source?

A

fluorescence microscope

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4
Q

How does a compound light work?

A

uses lenses and visible light to magnify

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5
Q

What is another name for the compound light microscope?

A

Brightfield microscopy

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6
Q

What is the total magnification of a compound light microscope?

A

2000x max magnification

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7
Q

How is magnification calculated on compound light microscope?

A

objective lens x magnification of ocular lens

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8
Q

What is resolution?

A

ability to distinguish between two points

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9
Q

What is the path of light of a light microscope?

A
  1. illuminator
  2. condenser lenses
  3. specimen
  4. objective lenses
  5. body tube (prism)
  6. ocular lens
  7. line of vision
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10
Q

Ocular lens

A

eyepiece: remagnifies the image formed by the objective lens

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11
Q

Body tube

A

transmits the image from the objective lens to the ocular lens

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12
Q

Objective lens

A

primary lenses that magnify the specimen

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13
Q

Stage

A

holds the microscope slide in position

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14
Q

Condenser

A

focuses light through the specimen

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15
Q

Iris diaphragm

A

controls the amount of light entering the condenser (like a door)

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16
Q

Illuminator

A

the light source

17
Q

Darkfield microscope

A

visualizes microbes that are invisible in normal light or can’t be stained/ it blocks light so that the specimen is light and the background is dark

18
Q

Phase-contrast microscope

A

details of internal structures in microbes; light wave phases:peaks and valley - inside cell clearer

19
Q

Fluorescence microscope

A

uses UV light, specimen may naturally fluoresce or is stained with fluorescent dyes

20
Q

Confocal microscope

A

constructs 3D images using a computer - it takes scan slices of an image that a computer puts together

21
Q

What is electron microscopy?

A

objects smaller than 0.2um - uses beams of electrons instead of light and electromagnets instead of glass lenses

22
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A
  1. beams pass through specimen
  2. 10,000-100,000x mag.
  3. INTERNAL structure
  4. distortion
23
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A
  1. gives 3D views
  2. 1,000-10,000x mag.
  3. bema is directed to SURFACE of specimen
24
Q

What is a smear?

A

microbe attached to slide

25
Q

Why do we fix bacteria?

A

keeps microbe from being washed off slide with stain

26
Q

Why are basic dyes used?

A

cell surface has a slightly negative charge and positive ion of dye adheres to surface

27
Q

Simple stain

A

single basic dye

28
Q

Differential stain

A

distinguish between bacteria - multiple dyes that react differently with different bacteria

29
Q

Gram stain steps (4):

A
  1. crystal violet
  2. iodine (mordant)
  3. alcohol (decolorize)
  4. safranin (counterstain)
30
Q

Why would we do an acid-fast stain?

A

mycobacterium (TB/leprosy) - binds to bacteria with waxy material (mycolic acid) in cell walls

31
Q

List the steps of the acid-fast stain:

A
  1. stained with red dye carbolfuchsin (simple stain)
  2. washed and covered with alcohol (removes red from non acid-fast bacteria)
  3. stained with methylene blue
32
Q

What color will acid fast vs. non-acid fast bacteria be?

A
  1. acid-fast= red (carbolfuchsin is soluble in lipids of cell wall)
  2. non-acid-fast= blue
33
Q

Negative stain

A

for microbes with capsules - microbe is mixed with color particles - contrast b/w microbe and colored background

34
Q

Endospore stain

A

malachite green stains endospores within pink stained cells

35
Q

Flagella stain

A

structures of cell movement/carbolfuchsin

36
Q

Primary stain

A

color to all cells

Microbiology (23 decks)

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