26 - Urinary/Reproductive Infections

Question 1

Cystitis

Answer 1

• inflammation of bladder
• Most common cause E. coli (bacteria)
• symptom: painful, frequent urination
• treatment anti-biotics
• transmission: translocation of bacteria to urethra
• can progress to kidney infection

Question 2

Gonorrhea

Answer 2

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (bacteria)

Question 3

Symptoms of gonorrhea

Answer 3

men: painful urination, pus discharge from urethra; 80% have symptoms, few days incubation
women: often asymptomatic; cervix infected not vagina

Question 4

What are the treatments for STDs/STIs?

Answer 4

antibiotics (if bacterial)

Question 5

Chlamydia (cause, symptoms)

Answer 5

Chlamydia trachomatis (bacteria)
- men: mild symptoms
- women: often asymptomatic
- painful urination, discharge in both

Question 6

Syphilis

Answer 6

Treponema pallidum (bacteria) - no toxins but lipoproteins that induce inflammatory response

Question 7

Syphilis

Answer 7

Treponema pallidum (bacteria) - no toxins but lipoproteins that induce an inflammatory response

Question 7

Syphilis

Answer 7

Treponema pallidum (bacteria) - no toxins but lipoproteins that induce an inflammatory response

Question 8

What are the stages of syphilis?

Answer 8

1. primary: chancre, small/hard sore; painless; often noticed; bacteria enter blood and lymph
2. secondary: skin rashes (palms and soles); loss of hair, malaise, fever
3. latent: 2-4 not infections (most cases don’t progress past this even w/o treatment)
4. tertiary: 25% reach here; affect organs, heart, CNS

Question 9

Herpes organism

Answer 9

herpes simlex virus type 2 (HSV2) - herpesviridae family, double-stranded DNA

Question 10

Symptoms of Herpes

Answer 10

• lesions
• painful urination
• movement uncomfortable
• vesicles with/w/o fluid

Question 11

Herpes treatment

Answer 11

• no cure
• antiviral drugs (alleviate symptoms; lower recurrence)

Question 12

Genital warts (organism, symptoms, treatment)

Answer 12

papillomaviruses (virus)
- none, warts
- vaccine (gardasil)
- tx: no cure, warts treated, most clear on own, monitor for cervical changes

Question 13

What can genital wars lead to?

Answer 13

HPV

Question 14

Candidiasis (organism, symptoms, treatment)

Answer 14

Candida albicans (yeast)
- vaginal yeast infections (common in mouth, intestines, and genitals)
- symptoms: itching, thick discharge, yeasty odor
- tx: anti-fungals

Question 15

Trichomoniasis (organism, tx, symptoms)

Answer 15

Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan)
- cause: opportunistic/ STI
- symptoms: greenish-yellow discharge, foul odor, irritation, itching; half asymptomatic
- tx: anti-protozoan

Question 16

AIDS cause

Answer 16

HIV - mutations of monkey virus in Afria