12 - Eukaryotes Flashcards
What are the two life forms of fungi?
- molds
- yeasts
Hyphae
long filaments of cells found in molds
Mycelium
mass of hyphae found in molds
How do yeast reproduce and what do they look like?
reproduce via budding/fission and look like cocci bacteria
What describes an organism that can be both mold or yeast?
dimorphic
What are the two types of asexual spores, what arrangement are they in?
- conidiospores: not enclosed - form chains at end of conidiophore
- sporangiospores: within a sac (sporangium) at end of sporangiophore hyphae
What are the 3 steps of sexual reproduction in fungi?
- plasmogamy
- karyogamy
- meiosis
Plasmogamy
2 haploid cells fuse - haploid nucleus of donor (+) penetrates recipient (-) cytoplasm
Karyogamy
now 2 nuclei fuse - (+ and -) = diploid nucleus
Meiosis
diploid nucleus produces haploid spores
Zygomycota spores produced
- asexual - sporangiospores
- sexual - zygospores
Zygomycota example
Rhizopus stolonifera, black bread mold
Ascomycota spores produced
- asexual: conidiospores
- sexual: ascospore
Ascomycota examples
Candida albicans
Basidiomycota spores produced
- asexual: some produce asexual conidiospores but not all
- sexual: basidiospores
Basidiomycota examples
Cryptococcus neoformans, mushrooms
Microsporidia (4 facts)
- lack mitochondria
- obligate intracellular parasites
- no sexual reproduction observed
- human diseases in AIDs patients
What are the two general characteristics of algae?
- most aquatic
- photoautotrophs without tissues
What are two pathogenic examples of algae and what do they have?
- diatoms
- dinoflagellates
- neurotoxins
What are the general characteristics of protozoa?
- unicellular, eukaryotic
- live in water and soil
Trophozoite
feeding and growing stage of protozoa
Cyst
protective capsule that helps protozoan survive when temperatures are not suitable (parasitic protozoa)
Pathogenic protozoan examples:
- Giardia lamblia
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Naegleria fowleri
- Cryptosporidium
- Trypanosoma brucei
- Plasmodium
Mycology
study of fungi